Endurance and endeavour : Russian history, 1812-2001 / J.N. Westwood.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Westwood, J. N.

Series:

Short Oxford history of the modern world

The short Oxford history of the modern world

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Russia--History--1801-1917.

Russia.

History.

Soviet Union--History.

Soviet Union.

Russia--History--19th century.

Local Subjects:

Russia--History--19th century.

Physical Description:

xii, 638 pages : maps ; 24 cm.

Edition:

Fifth edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, [2002]

Summary:

In Russia, both rulers and ruled long endeavoured to transform their country, each in their own forcible way. Their efforts never quite seemed to bring the results hoped for, and despite reform and revolution some things changed very little. This book sets out to relate Russian tradition and circumstances to the events of history and to encourage readers to seek their own explanation of the country's paradox.

For this fifth edition of Endurance and Endeavour J. N. Westwood has substantially revised the text and bibliography to incorporate recent research and findings from formerly closed archives, especially for the period from 1917 to 1941, and has also added a new chapter covering the Yeltsin years.

Contents:

1. Eighteen twelve and after 1

1812 1

The Tsar in Europe 5

Russian society in 1812 6

The Church 12

Alexander I 15

The Tsar's advisers: Golitsyn and Arakcheyev 17

Russia and the world 20

Alexander the constitutionalist 22

Education 24

The Decembrist Revolt 28

2. Zeal conquers all 32

Nicholas I and his reign 32

Nicholas's subordinates and their duties 34

Orthodoxy 36

Autocracy 37

Nationality 39

Government 41

Internal enemies, and the Third Section 43

Education and scholarship 47

Literature and the arts 50

The critics and commentators 52

Censorship 55

The army 57

Russia at war 59

3. The Tsar Emancipator 65

Alexander II 65

The Russian peasant at mid-century 67

The 1861 reform and after 72

Industry and railways 76

4. Reformers and revolutionaries 80

Towards popular government? 80

Judicial reform 81

Military reform 87

Education, censorship, and publishing 91

The arts 96

The Russo-Turkish War 101

The revolutionaries 103

5. Alexander III 113

Violence and counter-violence 113

Alexander III and his ministers 117

The nationalities 120

The Jews in Russia 124

6. Russia in Asia 129

Grand duchy to empire 129

Russia in Central Asia 130

The settlement of Siberia 132

Russian naval policy 133

Siberia as a planned economy 135

The Russo-Japanese War 137

7. 1905 142

Nicholas II 142

The Hague Conference 143

Marxism comes to Russia 145

Lenin 147

Revolutionaries and reformers 148

Bloody Sunday 153

The Potemkin Mutiny 154

The strike and the Moscow Rising 155

Russian government before and after 1905 158

The Dumas and the parties 161

Stolypin 165

The Stolypin Reform 166

8. Russia in 1914 170

The population 170

Society 173

The economy 179

The army 182

The navy 185

Education 187

Science and technology 193

The arts 195

Stability or instability? 198

9. The Empire's last war 201

Tsarist foreign policy 201

Summer 1914 203

The campaigns 204

Russia as an ally 208

The home front 210

The Empress and Rasputin 214

10. 1917 218

The February Revolution 218

The Provisional Government and the Soviet 223

The army in 1917 229

The Bolsheviks 231

The Kornilov affair 237

The Bolshevik Revolution 239

The Bolshevik victory 243

11. The Civil War 246

The Bolsheviks in power 246

The first steps 247

The CHEKA 249

The end of Nicholas 253

The Red, White, Green, and other armies 254

The Civil War campaigns 262

The Russian emigration 264

Muscovy and the outside world 266

The party 270

War Communism 274

Famine 280

12. Disputes and decisions 282

The New Economic Policy (NEP) 282

The moulding of minds 284

Literature and the arts 287

The party 290

The end of Lenin 292

Stalin 295

Stalin and the succession 296

Agriculture under NEP 300

The industrialization debate 303

Collectivization 305

The collective farm 310

13. Stalinism in action 313

Industrialization 313

The planned economy 317

Labour 321

The party purged 324

The people purged 331

The 1936 Constitution 336

Justice 342

The Church 343

A new culture 347

14. The Great Patriotic War 349

A Japanese hors d'oeuvre 349

Foreign policy between the wars 349

The Soviet armed forces 354

June 1941 359

The course of the war 361

The Red Army at war 364

Russians at war 368

Russia and the Allies 373

15. Consolidation and ossification 375

Post-war reaction 375

Post-war reconstruction 378

Russia and the world 379

Population 382

Living standards 384

Education 387

Science and technology 389

Literature and the arts 392

The nationalities 398

16. The Khrushchev Revival 401

The end of Stalin 401

Khrushchev 402

The leadership after Stalin 403

Khrushchev's 1956 'secret' speech 407

Agriculture 409

The economy 414

'Socialist legality' 416

The arts 419

Education 421

The armed forces 423

The people's democracies 425

Foreign affairs 426

The relegation of Khrushchev 428

17. Decrepitude 430

Political life 430

The Andropov phase 435

Chernenko 438

Renovation of the KGB 439

Agriculture 442

Industry 445

Technology 451

'Every such victory brings its own vengeance' 454

The people's democracies 456

Foreign policy 458

The armed forces 462

The arts 463

Soviet society 465

Russian bureaucratic virtue 474

The lazy and the liquorish 475

18. Transformation 479

Gorbachev 479

In the beginning was the word 481

The arts 484

Gorbachev and the party 487

The end of perestroika 494

The economy 501

Society 508

The armed forces 514

Empire's end 516

19. Shocks and therapies 522

The post-Soviet republics 522

Yeltsin in power 524

From Yeltsin to Putin 530

Putin 531

Transition democracy 533

The regions 534

Chechnya 537

The new economy 540

Society 548.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [554]-597) and index.

ISBN:

0199246173

OCLC:

50315381