BGP / Iljitsch van Beijnum.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Beijnum, Iljitsch van.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

BGP (Computer network protocol).

Physical Description:

xiv, 272 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Beijing ; Cambridge [Mass.] : O'Reilly, 2002.

Summary:

Every second, millions of hosts send billions of packets across the Internet to other hosts, with nothing more than the destination IP address to guide them along the way. Internet service providers (ISPs) use the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to inform each other which IP address goes where. BGP is also useful for end-user organizations who want reliable connections to the Internet over two or more ISPs.

BGP is the routing protocol that exchanges routing information across the Internet and is the only protocol that can deal with a network of the Internet's size. It's also the only protocol that can deal well with multiple connections to unrelated routing domains. In the event of a network outage, BGP recomputes the path so packets can avoid the problem area and keep flowing.

BGP is a guide to all aspects of BGP: the protocol, its configuration and operation in an Internet environment, and how to troubleshoot it. The book also describes how to secure BGP, and how BGP can be used to combat Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Although the examples throughout this book are for Cisco routers, the techniques discussed can be applied to any BGP-capable router.

Contents:

1. The Internet, Routing, and BGP 1

Topology of the Internet 2

TCP/IP Design Philosophy 6

Routing Protocols 9

Multihoming 13

2. IP Addressing and the BGP Protocol 15

IP Addresses 15

Interdomain Routing History 18

The BGP Protocol 19

Multiprotocol BGP 26

Interior Routing Protocols 32

3. Physical Design Considerations 36

Availability 36

Selecting ISPs 38

Bandwidth 39

Router Hardware 43

Failure Risks 49

Building a Wide Area Network 51

Network Topology Design 54

4. IP Address Space and AS Numbers 61

The Different Types of Address Space 62

Requesting Address Space 66

Renumbering IP Addresses 68

The AS Number 70

Routing Registries 71

Routing Policy Specification Language 72

5. Getting Started with BGP 75

Enabling BGP 75

Monitoring BGP 78

Clearing BGP Sessions 80

Filtering Routes 81

Internal BGP 83

The Internal Network 87

Minimizing the Impact of Link Failures 91

eBGP Multihop 93

6. Traffic Engineering 95

Knowing Which Route Is Best 96

Route Maps 99

Setting the Local Preference 100

Manipulating Inbound AS Paths 103

Inbound Communities 105

BGP Load Balancing 108

Traffic Engineering for Incoming Traffic 109

Setting the MED 109

Announcing More Specific Routes 117

Queuing, Traffic Shaping, and Policing 120

7. Security and Integrity of the Network 128

Passwords and Security 129

Software 131

Protecting BGP 133

Denial-of-Service Attacks 137

8. Day-to-Day Operation of the Network 147

The Network Operations Center 147

NOC Hardware Facilities 151

SNMP Management 152

Router Names 157

General IP Network Management 159

9. When Things Start to Go Down: Troubleshooting 162

Keeping a Clear Head 162

Managing the Troubleshooting Process 163

Dealing with Service Providers 165

Physical and Datalink Layer Problems 167

Routing and Reachability Problems 174

Black Holes 180

DNS Problems 185

10. BGP in Larger Networks 188

Peer Groups 188

Using Loopback Addresses for iBGP 190

iBGP Scaling 191

Dampening Route Flaps 196

OSPF as the IGP 198

Traffic Engineering in the Internal Network 207

Network Partitions 209

11. Providing Transit Services 213

Route Filters 213

Communities 215

Anti-DoS Measures 221

Customers with Backup Connections 224

Providing IPv6 and Multicast 225

12. Interconnecting with Other Networks 228

Peering 228

Internet Exchanges, NAPs, and MAEs 229

Connecting to an Internet Exchange 229

Connecting to More Exchange Points 235

Rejecting Unwanted Traffic 237

IX Subnet Problems 240

Talking to Other Network Operators 240

Exchange Point Future 241

A. Cisco Configuration Basics 243

B. Binary Logic, Netmasks, and Prefixes 250

C. Notes on the IPv4 Address Space 256.

Notes:

Includes index.

ISBN:

0596002548

OCLC:

49736847