The living landscape: an ecological approach to landscape planning / Frederick Steiner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Steiner, Frederick R.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Land use--Planning.

Land use.

Land use--Environmental aspects.

Landscape architecture.

Landscape protection.

Physical Description:

xvii, 477 pages, 4 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations, maps (some color) ; 25 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : McGraw Hill, [2000]

Summary:

Award-winning guide to ecologically-sound landscapes! The first edition of Frederick Steiner's "The Living Landscape: An Ecological Approach to Landscape Planning," won a coveted ASLA merit award. This revised Second Edition's strong design-oriented approach meets the needs of today's professionals, focusing on how to create a plan and explains each major step with examples from various localities. The new edition links each step to current planning practice and to new theory in landscape ecology and sustainable development.You'll find: More than 20 case studies covering urban, suburban, rural, domestic and international environments Scores of checklists and step-by-step procedures Details for conducting environmental impact assessments Full coverage of zoning, land use, and other regulatory issues Much more

Contents:

The Traditional Framework of Planning in the United States 5

A New Approach 9

Ecological Planning Method 9

Step 1 Identification of Planning Problems and Opportunities 12

Step 2 Establishment of Planning Goals 12

Step 3 Landscape Analysis, Regional Level 13

Step 4 Landscape Analysis, Local Level 14

Step 5 Detailed Studies 16

Step 6 Planning Area Concepts, Options, and Choices 18

Step 7 Landscape Plan 20

Step 8 Continued Citizen Involvement and Community Education 20

Step 9 Design Explorations 21

Step 10 Plan and Design Implementation 21

Step 11 Administration 23

Working Plans 23

Chapter 2 Identifying Issues and Establishing Planning Goals 27

Techniques for Involving People in the Identification of Issues and the Establishment of Goals 28

Task Forces 28

Citizens' Advisory Committees and Technical Advisory Committees 29

Neighborhood Planning Councils 29

Group Dynamics 30

Nominal-Group Workshops 31

Focus Groups 31

Delphi 33

Policy Delphi 34

Public Opinion Polls 34

Town Meetings and Public Hearings 38

Goal Setting 40

Two Examples of Goal-Oriented Planning 41

The Oregon Comprehensive Planning Law 41

New Jersey Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan 45

Chapter 3 Inventory and Analysis of the Biophysical Environment 51

Making A Base Map and A Regional Context Map 53

Major sources of information 55

Inventory Elements 55

Regional Climate 56

Summary of regional climate inventory elements 62

Major sources of information 62

Earth 62

Summary of geologic inventory elements 65

Major sources of information 67

Terrain 67

Summary of physiography inventory elements 71

Major sources of information 71

Water 71

Summary of hydrologic inventory elements 85

Major sources of information 85

Soils 86

Summary of soils inventory elements 94

Major sources of information 95

Microclimate 95

Summary of microclimate inventory elements 99

Major sources of information 99

Vegetation 99

Summary of vegetation inventory elements 104

Major sources of information 104

Wildlife 104

Summary of wildlife inventory elements 107

Major sources of information 107

Existing Land Use and Land Users 107

Summary of existing land-use and land-user elements 115

Major sources of information 115

Analysis and Synthesis of Inventory Information 115

Bivariate Relationships 116

Layer-Cake Relationships 120

The Holdridge Life-Zone System 120

Two Examples of Biophysical Inventory and Analysis 122

The New Jersey Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan 123

The Biodiversity Plan for the Camp Pendleton Region, California 130

Chapter 4 Human Community Inventory and Analysis 141

Sources of Existing Information 143

Land-Use Maps and Settlement Pattern Diagrams 143

Histories 145

Census Data 148

Newspapers and Periodicals 148

Phone Books 148

Community Organizations and Clubs 149

Colleges and Universities 149

Government and Public Agencies 149

Synopsis of Information Sources 149

Use of Existing Data to Generate New Information 149

Population Trends, Characteristics, and Projections 150

Development Projections 159

Economic Analyses 161

User Groups 165

Generation of New Information 167

Mail and Telephone Surveys 167

Face-to-Face Interviews 169

Participant Observation 170

Analysis and Synthesis of Social Information 171

Establish Visual and Landscape Patterns 171

Urban Morphology 173

Identification of Interactions and Relationships 173

Community Needs Assessment 175

Two Examples of Human Community Inventory and Analysis 176

New Jersey Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan 176

The Biodiversity Plan for the Camp Pendleton Region, California 178

Chapter 5 Suitability Analysis 187

Approaches to Suitability Analysis

Methods 188

Natural Resources Conservation Service Systems 188

Land Evaluation Value 191

Site Assessment Value 192

Combining the LE and SA Systems 194

Modified LESA System 194

Use of LESA at The Federal Level 198

The McHarg, or University of Pennsylvania, Suitability Analysis Method 200

Dutch Suitability Analysis 207

Computer Applications 213

The Carrying-Capacity Concept 217

Two Applications of Suitability Analysis 219

The Development of Performance Requirements in Medford Township, New Jersey 219

Locating Areas for Rural Housing in Whitman County, Washington 220

Chapter 6 Planning Options and Choices 229

Optional Plans 230

Techniques for Selecting Preferences 235

The Charrette 235

The Charrette Process 236

Charrette Groundwork 237

Introduction of Planning Area, Introduction to Participants 237

The Teams 238

Team Instructions 240

Citizen Interviews 240

Brainstorming and Synthesis 240

Outcomes from the Charrette 241

Task Forces, Citizens' Advisory Committees, and Technical Advisory Committees 241

Citizen Referendum and Synchronized Surveys 242

Goals-Achievement Matrix 243

Scenario Writing 243

Public Hearings 244

Two Examples of Selecting Preferences 245

Portland, Oregon, Alternative Land-Use Plans 245

The Biodiversity Plan for the Camp Pendleton Region, California 247

Chapter 7 Landscape Plans 253

Recognition and Adoption Of Plan 255

Statement of Policies 257

Strategies to Achieve Policies 259

Landscape Plan Map 260

Plan Elements and Organization 261

Two Examples of Plans 264

Comprehensive Management Plan for the New Jersey Pinelands 264

Teller County/City of Woodland Park, Colorado, Growth Management Plan 266

Chapter 8 Continuing Citizen Involvement and Community Education 271

Citizen Involvement 272

Classification of Citizen Participation Techniques 274

Continuing Community Education 275

Information and Education 275

Publications 277

Television and Radio 279

Two Examples of Education Programs 279

University of Wisconsin-Extension Community Economic Development Program 279

The Blueprint for a Sustainable Bay Area 285

Chapter 9 Testing Planning Concepts Through Design 291

Site Design 292

Individual Land-User Designs: Farm and Ranch Conservation Plans 293

Simulation 295

Conceptual Design from Charrettes 296

La Lomita Charrette 298

Common Themes from the La Lomita Charrette 298

Building Codes 299

Community Gardens 300

Housing Possibilities 300

Solar Energy 300

Arroyo Vista Charrette 301

Conceptual Design of New Facilities 304

The Concept Design 305

Summary of the Concept Design 310

Demonstration Projects 311

Innovative Design Projects 314

Two Examples of Detailed Design 317

Connecticut River Valley, Massachusetts 317

New York-New Jersey-Connecticut Metropolitan Region 321

Chapter 10 Plan and Design Implementation 329

Power to Regulate 330

Zoning 330

Planned Unit Developments (PUDs) 334

Performance Standards 334

Design Guidelines and Controls 339

Critical or Environmentally Sensitive Areas 339

Floodplain Management 344

Wetland and Riparian Area Protection 346

Federal Wetlands Protection 347

General State Responses 348

Habitat Conservation Plans 349

Historic Preservation 352

Subdivision Regulations 353

Building Codes 355

Covenants 357

Power to Condemn and to Exact 358

Impact Fees and Land Dedications 358

Power to Spend 359

Easements 359

Development Rights Purchase and Transfers 360

Capital Improvement Programming 364

Public Land Management 365

Power to Tax 366

Interagency Coordination for Growth Management 367

Program Linkage and Cross-Compliance 369

Nongovernment Strategies 369

Desert View Tri-Villages Implementation 370

Desert Overlay 370

Suburban Desert Overlay 371

Implementation Matrix 371

Three Examples of Planning Implementation 373

Innovative Zoning for Agricultural Land Protection in York County, Pennsylvania, and Black Hawk County, Iowa 373

Scottsdale, Arizona,

Environmentally Sensitive Lands Ordinance 377

Chapter 11 Administration of Planning Programs 381

Current Planning 382

The Role of Planning Commissions and Review Boards 382

The Role of Planning Staffs 383

The Impact of Procedural Requirements 385

The Budget 385

Planning, Programming, and Budget System (PPBS) 385

Program Strategies 387

Capital Improvement Programming 390

Environmental Impact Assessments 391

Environmental Impact Analysis 394

Economic Impact Analysis 396

Fiscal Impact Analysis 399

Social Impact Analysis 402

Two Examples of Planning Administration 404

Portland, Oregon, Regional Growth Management Planning 404

The Tucson WASH Ordinance and Environmental Resource Zone 407.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 439-461) and index.

ISBN:

0070793980

OCLC:

42580491

Online:

Publisher description