Photonics of biopolymers / Nikolai L. Vekshin.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Vekshin, N. L. (Nikolaĭ Lazarevich)

Series:

Biological and medical physics series 1618-7210

Biological and medical physics series, 1618-7210

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biopolymers.

Photochemistry.

Physical Description:

x, 229 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; New York : Springer, [2002]

Summary:

Photonics of biopolymers discusses the processes of energy transformation in photoexcited proteins, nucleic acids, membranes and model systems. The author employs his considerable experience to deliver a thorough explanation of the physical background of the optical techniques for studying biological systems, and he identifies problems and experimental pitfalls that prevent accurate measurements and interpretation. He not only describes the spectroscopic methods, he uses his own experimental results to extract information from the data and critically evaluates the competing models used to interpret the results.

Contents:

1.1 Light Absorption 3

1.2 Vibrational Relaxation and Internal Conversion 3

1.3 Fluorescence 3

1.4 Intersystem Crossing and Phosphorescence 4

1.5 Energy Transfer 5

1.6 Excimer and Exciplex Formation 5

1.7 Photochemical Reaction and Electron Transfer 5

1.8 Photoinduced Conformational Changes 5

2 Light Absorption in Ordered Structures 7

2.1 Probability of Absorption 7

2.2 Lambert-Beer Law 9

2.3 Biological Chromophores 10

2.4 Absorbance in Scattering Media 11

2.5 Hypochromism 11

2.6 Molecular Interactions 12

2.7 Sieve Effect 13

2.8 Light-Scattering Model 14

2.9 Light-Dispersion Model 15

2.10 Stacking Model 15

3 Screening Hypochromism 18

3.1 Screening model 19

3.2 Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides and DNA 23

3.3 Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Aggregates 27

3.4 Tyrosine and Tryptophan in Proteins 28

3.5 Hemoglobin in Erythrocytes 30

3.6 Chloroplasts and Visual Rods 31

3.7 Clusters of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 32

4 Photometric Estimation of Protein Content in Biological Suspensions 36

4.1 Colorimetry and Others Methods 36

4.2 Combined UV-Spectrophotometric Method 36

4.3 Comparison of the Methods 38

5 Screening and Reabsorption of Light 41

5.1 Inner Filter Effect 41

5.2 Microscreening and Microreabsorption 42

5.3 Erythrocytes and Other Cells 44

5.4 Volume Reabsorption of Donor Luminescence 45

5.5 Trypaflavine Activates Rhodamine Fluorescence 47

6 Multipass Cuvettes for Luminescence Spectroscopy 51

6.1 Mirror and Total Internal Reflection Cuvettes 51

6.2 Multipass Cuvettes in Steady-State Measurements 53

6.3 Multipass Cuvettes in Lifetime Measurements 54

6.4 Other Applications 55

7 Division of Tyrosine and Tryptophan Fluorescence Components 56

7.1 Generally Accepted Approaches 56

7.2 Synchronous Scanning Method 58

7.3 Synchronous Spectra of Tryptophan and Tyrosine 58

7.4 Synchronous Spectra of Different Tryptophan Residues 60

8 Spectral Heterogeneity of Tryptophan Emission 62

8.1 Variation of Fluorescence Polarization along Tryptophan Emission Spectrum 62

8.2 Fluorescence Lifetime Variations 68

8.3 Photoinduced Conformational Mobility of Proteins 70

8.4 Phosphorescence of Proteins 72

9 Discrete Emission States in Photoexcited Tryptophan Complexes 74

9.1 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of Tryptophan Fluorescence 75

9.2 TRP and NATA in Water 78

9.3 TRP, NATA and Indole in Ethanol 80

9.4 TRP and NATA in Glycerol 81

9.5 Dipeptides 83

9.6 Exciplexes in Proteins 84

10 Mechanisms of Exciplex Formation 90

10.1 Generally Accepted Models 90

10.2 Fractional Energy Transfer in Exciplexes 92

10.3 Exciplex of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 94

10.4 Excimers 96

10.5 Pyrene-Indole Exciplex 98

11 Mechanisms of Energy Transfer 101

11.1 Inductive-Resonance Model 102

11.2 Energy Transfer in Molecular Structures 105

11.3 Hot Migration 108

12 Energy Transfer in Nucleic Acids 111

12.1 Migration Between Nucleotides 111

12.2 Migration Along DNA 113

12.3 Quantum Yield of Energy Transfer to Dyes 113

12.4 Polyadenilic Acid Labeled by Ethenoadenine 115

12.5 DNA with Intercalated Dyes 115

12.6 Fluorescent Probes and Labels on DNA 119

13 Energy Transfer in Native Proteins 122

13.1 Tyrosine-Tryptophan Pair 122

13.2 Migration between Tryptophan Residues 126

13.3 Tryptophan-NADH Pair in Alcohol Dehydrogenase 127

13.4 Tryptophan-Heme Pair in Myoglobin 132

13.5 Tryptophan-Pyrene Pair 134

13.6 Quenching of Tryptophan Emission by Dyes 137

14 Energy Transfer in Biomembranes 142

14.1 Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum by Probes 143

14.2 Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence by ANS 145

14.3 Quenching of Tryptophan Fluorescence by Pyrene 146

14.4 Tryptophan-NADH Pair in Mitochondria 147

14.5 Photosynthetic Reaction Centers 149

15 Fluorescence Probes 151

15.1 Widely Used Probes 151

15.2 Estimation of Sizes of Chaperones and their Complexes Using ANS 155

15.3 Fluorescent Studies of Na[superscript +]K[superscript +]-ATPase 158

15.4 Anthracene with Dimethylaminochalcone in Membranes 159

15.5 Diffusion of Probes 161

15.6 Fluorescence Pharmacology in vitro 162

16 Pyrene Monomers and Excimers in Membranes 165

16.1 Viscosity Measurements 165

16.2 Location and Diffusion of Pyrene 166

16.3 Detection of Oxygen by Pyrene Emission 168

16.4 Vibronic Peaks as Indicators of Membrane Polarity 170

17 Photomodulation of Enzyme Activity 172

17.1 Photoactivation of Enzymes 172

17.2 Photodesorption 173

17.3 Photochemical Processes in Alcohol Dehydrogenase 174

17.4 Photolysis of Flavin in NADH Dehydrogenase 179

18 Photoactivation of Animal Membranes and their Chromophores 184

18.1 Photoinduced Membranes Activity 184

18.2 Oxygen Uptake in Mitochondria under Photoexcitation 185

18.3 Oxidation of NADH by Triplet Flavin and Singlet Oxygen 187

19 Light-Dependent Phosphorylation in Mitochondria 193

19.1 ATP Synthesis during Illumination 193

19.2 Thermal Coupling between ATP Synthesis and Electron Transfer 197.

Notes:

Originally published: Moscow : Moscow State University Press, 1999.

Includes bibliographical references (pages [200]-227) and index.

ISBN:

3540438173

OCLC:

50184861