Brain architecture : understanding the basic plan / Larry W. Swanson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Swanson, Larry W.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Brain.

Neural circuitry.

Neuroanatomy.

Brain--physiology.

Neural Pathways.

Synaptic Transmission.

Medical Subjects:

Brain--physiology.

Neural Pathways.

Synaptic Transmission.

Neuroanatomy.

Physical Description:

xv, 263 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2003.

Contents:

1. How the Brain Works: Structure and Function 1

Three Biological Perspectives 3

2. The Simplest Nervous Systems: Neurons, Nerve Nets, and Behavior 9

Unicellular Organisms: Behaviors Essential for Survival 11

Animals without Neurons: Independent Effectors 14

The First Nervous System: Hydra's Body and Behavior 16

Sensory Neurons: Functional Polarity of Dendrites and Axon 17

Motoneurons: Another Distinct Neuronal Type 20

Nerve Nets: Amacrine Processes and Activity Patterns 22

Interneurons: Sign Switchers and Pattern Generators 24

Overview: Evolution of Architecture, Not Building Blocks 26

3. Centralization and Symmetry: Ganglia and Nerves 29

Flatworms: Bilaterally Symmetrical Predators 29

Segmented Worms: Internal Ventral Nerve Cord 34

More Evolved Invertebrates 36

Overview: Polarity, Regionalization, Bilateral Symmetry, Segments 37

4. The Basic Vertebrate Plan: Nervous System Topology 40

Embryological Perspectives 44

Earliest Stages of Mammalian Development 48

Neural Plate: Brain and Spinal Cord 51

Neural Tube: Transverse Brain Divisions 53

Neural Crest and Placodes: Peripheral Nervous System 57

Generating Neuronal Cell Types and Groups: Longitudinal Brain Divisions 60

A Nervous System Fate Map 68

Overview: Parts of the Nervous System 76

5. Brain and Behavior: A Four Systems Network Model 80

Reflex and Voluntary Control of Behavior 86

Behavioral State Control 89

Feedback 90

Topography versus Systems 92

Overview: Defining Each System 95

6. The Motor System: Coordinating External and Internal Behaviors 97

Motoneuron Classes 98

Introduction to the Somatomotor System: Flexion 102

Distribution of Somatomotor Neuron Pools 104

Central Pattern Generators: Sets of Motoneuron Pools 109

Pattern Initiators and Controllers: Drive and Motivation 117

The Autonomic Motor System 122

The Neuroendocrine Motor System 126

The Cerebellum: Motor Coordination and Learning 131

Overview: Integration within and between Motor Systems 134

7. The Behavioral State System: Intrinsic Control of Sleep and Wakefulness 139

Circadian Rhythms: The Day-Night Cycle 142

Reproductive Cycles 145

Sleep-Wake Cycles 148

Modulating Behavioral State 149

8. The Cognitive System: Thinking and Voluntary Control of Behavior 156

Cerebral Cortex Regionalization 158

Cortical Cellular Organization 166

Cortical Projections 172

The Cerebral Nuclei 172

Triple Descending Projection from Cerebrum 175

9. The Sensory System: Inputs from the Environment and the Body 182

Evolution and Development of Sensory Neurons 184

Overview of Sensory Neurons 187

Overview of Sensory Pathways 191

Forebrain Sensory Systems: Olfactory, Visual, Humoral, and Osmotic 193

Ganglion Cell Sensory Systems: Submodalities 198

Affect: Pain and Pleasure, Emotion, and Mood 201

10. Modifiability: Learning, Stress, Cycles, and Damage Repair 206

Learning: Changing Synaptic Strength 207

Stress: Biochemical Switching 210

Cycles: Circadian and Reproductive 215

Damage Repair: Regrowth 217

11. Gene Networks: Relationship to Neural Networks 219

A. Describing Position in the Animal Body 223

B. Naming and Classifying Nervous System Parts 229

C. Methods for Analyzing Brain Architecture 235.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0195105044

0195105052

OCLC:

48957844