Nuclear weapons and nonproliferation : a reference book / Sarah J. Diehl, James Clay Moltz.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Diehl, Sarah J.

Contributor:

Moltz, James Clay.

Series:

Contemporary world issues

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nuclear weapons.

Nuclear nonproliferation.

Physical Description:

xv, 375 pages : 1 illustration ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Santa Barbara, Calif. : ABC-CLIO, [2002]

Summary:

SERIES HIGHLIGHTS: - Thematic essay and topical entry formats- Extensive resources for further research- Coverage of critical issues facing America and the world

Contents:

1 History of Nuclear Weapons and Nonproliferation 1

Early Scientific Developments 1

Military Uses of Nuclear Fission 3

U.S. Use of Nuclear Weapons against Imperial Japan 4

Early Efforts to Control Nuclear Weapons 6

Expanding the Nuclear Club and Weapon Arsenals 7

Renewed Efforts at Control under Eisenhower 8

Development of Delivery Systems: Bombers, Missiles, and Submarines 9

Efforts to Halt Atmospheric Nuclear Testing 10

The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Limited Test Ban Treaty 11

New Nuclear Powers and the Evolution of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1970 13

The Early 1970s: Detente and the Beginnings of U.S.-Soviet Nuclear Arms Control 14

Efforts to Halt Horizontal Proliferation to New Countries 15

The Late 1970s and 1980s: From Arms-Racing to Negotiated Reductions 16

New Threats to the Nonproliferation Regime: Iraq and North Korea 18

Successes in International Nonproliferation Efforts in the Early to Mid-1990s 20

New Threats to the Nonproliferation Regime: The Late 1990s to the Present 21

Today's Nuclear Dilemma 23

2 Issues and Controversies 27

Nuclear Weapons and Their Role during the Cold War 28

What Is the Role of Nuclear Weapons Today? 31

Are Nuclear Weapons Safe? 32

What Is the "Right" Number of Nuclear Weapons? 33

Could Terrorists Acquire Nuclear Weapons and Bomb-Making Material? 36

Environmental and Health Effects of Nuclear Weapon Production 39

Why Haven't Nuclear Weapons Spread to More Countries? 41

Missile Defenses and Efforts to Defend against Nuclear Attacks 43

The Debate on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 44

Efforts to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons 46

Final Considerations 50

4 People and Events 161

People 161

Bhabha, Homi Jehangir (1909-1966) 161

Caldicott, Helen Broinowski (1938-) 163

Fuchs, Klaus (1911-1988) 164

Khan, Abdul Qadeer (1936-) 165

Kurchatov, Igor (1903-1960) 167

Nie Rongzhen (1899-1992) 169

Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904-1967) 170

Rotblat, Joseph (1908-) 172

Sakharov, Andrei (1921-1989) 174

Teller, Edward (1908-) 177

Events 179

U.S. Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: August 1945 179

U.S. Test of First Thermonuclear (Hydrogen) Device, Mike: November 1, 1952 181

Cuban Missile Crisis: October 1962 183

Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons: July 1968 184

Nuclear Weapons Freeze Demonstration: June 12, 1982 187

Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program (November 1991-) 189

Disclosure of South Africa's Dismantled Nuclear Weapon Program: March 24, 1993 190

U.S.-North Korean Agreed Framework: October 21, 1994 192

India and Pakistan Test Nuclear Weapons: May 1998 194

5 Facts and Documents 197

Facts 198

Nuclear Materials and Technologies 198

Worldwide Nuclear Weapon Stockpiles 205

Nuclear Testing 205

Nuclear Weapon-Free Zones 207

Radioactivity and Human Health 209

The Cost of Nuclear Weapons 209

Documents 213

Letter from Albert Einstein to President Roosevelt 213

Petition to President Truman from Scientists at the Chicago Metallurgical Laboratory 216

The U.S. Military Order to Drop the Atomic Bomb on Japan 218

Official U.S. Report on the Atomic Bomb's Effects in Hiroshima and Nagasaki 219

The Founding Document of the Nonproliferation Regime 226

Agreements Reached at the 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference 233

International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons 238

Report of the Canberra Commission on Nuclear Disarmament 246

U.S.-Russian Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty (Moscow Treaty) 253

6 Organizations, Associations, and Governmental Agencies 257

International Organizations 257

U.S. Government Agencies 267

Nongovernmental Organizations 275

7 Selected Print and Nonprint Resources 283

Selected Governmental and Nongovernmental Reports 309

Periodicals 314

Nonprint Resources 317

CD-ROM 317

Videos and Films 317.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1576073610

OCLC:

50096824