Clinical neurophysiology / edited by Jasper R. Daube.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Daube, Jasper R.

Series:

Contemporary neurology series ; 66.

Contemporary neurology series ; 66

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electroencephalography.

Electromyography.

Nervous system--Diseases--Diagnosis.

Nervous system.

Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology).

Neurophysiology.

Nervous System Diseases--diagnosis.

Evoked Potentials.

Nervous System Diseases--therapy.

Medical Subjects:

Nervous System Diseases--diagnosis.

Electroencephalography.

Electromyography.

Evoked Potentials.

Nervous System Diseases--therapy.

Neurophysiology.

Physical Description:

xxv, 649 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2002.

Contents:

Section 1. Analysis of Electrophysiologic Waveforms

1. Electricity and Electronics for Clinical Neurophysiology / Terrence D. Lagerlund 3

Basic Principles and Definitions in Electricity 3

Circuit Analysis 5

Resistive-Capacitive and Resistive-Inductive Circuits 7

Circuits Containing Inductors and Capacitors 8

Filter Circuits 12

Transistors and Amplifiers 13

2. Electric Safety in the Laboratory and Hospital / Terrence D. Lagerlund 17

Electric Power Distribution Systems 17

Electric Shock 17

Leakage Current 20

Electric Safety Principles and Implementation 24

3. Volume Conduction / Terrence D. Lagerlund 28

Principles 28

Electric Properties of Volume Conductors 30

Calculating Potentials in Infinite Homogeneous Media 30

Potentials in Nonhomogeneous Media 34

Applications of Volume Conduction Principles 36

4. Digital Signal Processing / Terrence D. Lagerlund 41

Digital Computers in Clinical Neurophysiology 41

Digitization 44

Common Uses of Digital Processing 47

Averaging 48

Digital Filtering 49

Time and Frequency Domain Analysis 50

5. Electrophysiologic Generators in Clinical Neurophysiology / Terrence D. Lagerlund 53

Physiologic Generators 53

Structural Generators 58

6. Classification of Waveform Characteristics / Jasper R. Daube 69

Continuous Waveforms 63

Event Recording 66

7. Alteration of Waveforms and Artifacts / Jasper R. Daube 69

Physiologic Alteration of Waveforms 69

Artifactual Waveforms 72

Section 2. Electrophysiologic Assessment of Neural Function

Part A. Cortical Function

8. Electroencephalography: General Principles and Adult Electroencephalograms / Donald W. Klass, Barbara F. Westmoreland 77

Clinical Usefulness of Electroencephalography 77

Display of Electroencephalographic Activity 78

Activation Procedures 80

Artifacts 82

Normal Electroencephalographic Activity of Adults 82

Benign Variants 87

Pathologic Activity 90

Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Focal Intracranial Lesions 94

Electroencephalographic Manifestations of Diffuse Encephalopathies 100

Evaluation for Suspected Brain Death 104

9. Electroencephalography: Electroencephalograms of Neonates, Infants, and Children / Barbara F. Westmoreland 108

Neonatal Electroencephalographic Patterns 108

Developmental Changes During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence 113

Benign Variants in Children 115

Abnormalities 116

10. Ambulatory Electroencephalography / Jeffrey R. Buchhalter 124

Indications 124

Technology 125

Clinical Applications 126

11. Prolonged Video Electroencephalography / Cheolsu Shin 129

Equipment 130

Clinical Application 131

12. Electroencephalographic Special Studies / Terrence D. Lagerlund 137

Quantitative Methods of Electroencephalographic Analysis 137

Magnetoencephalography 144

13. Electroencephalographic Recordings for Epilepsy Surgery / Gregory D. Cascino 146

Candidates for Epilepsy Surgery 147

Extracranial Electroencephalography in Partial Epilepsy 148

Chronic Intracranial Monitoring 151

Electrocorticography in Epilepsy Surgery 157

14. Movement-Related Potentials and Event-Related Potentials / Joseph Y. Matsumoto 161

Movement-Related Cortical Potentials 161

Event-Related Potentials 164

Part B. Sensory Pathways

15. Nerve Action Potentials / Eric J. Sorenson 169

Clinical Importance 169

Planning the Study 172

Radiculopathy 172

Plexopathy 173

Common Mononeuropathies 173

Technical Factors 175

Human Factors 176

Methods 177

Measurements 177

16. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials / J. Clarke Stevens 181

Methods 182

Somatosensory Evoked Potential Interpretation 190

Clinical Applications 191

17. Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Central Disorders / John N. Caviness 204

Auditory Anatomy and Physiology 205

Auditory Evoked Potentials in Normal Subjects 205

Methods 207

Use of Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Clinical Problem Solving 207

18. Audiogram, Acoustic Reflexes, and Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions / Christopher D. Bauch, Wayne O. Olsen 214

Audiogram 215

Acoustic Reflex 216

Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions 218

19. Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials in Peripheral Acoustic Disorders / Christopher D. Bauch 222

Stimuli 222

Interpretation 223

Electrodes 224

Applications 224

20. Visual Evoked Potentials / John N. Caviness 227

Visual System Anatomy and Physiology 227

Visual Evoked Potentials in Normal Subjects 228

Methods 229

General Principles of Interpretation of Visual Evoked Potentials 230

Use of Visual Evoked Potentials in Clinical Problem Solving 230

Localization of Visual System Lesions 231

Part C. Motor Pathways

21. Compound Muscle Action Potentials / Jasper R. Daube 237

Clinical Application 238

Recording Compound Muscle Action Potentials 238

Stimulation 240

Compound Muscle Action Potential Measurements 242

F Waves 245

Physiologic Variables 249

Compound Muscle Action Potential Changes in Disease 250

Findings in Peripheral Nerve Disorders 251

22. Assessing the Neuromuscular Junction with Repetitive Stimulation Studies / Robert C. Hermann, Jr. 268

Anatomy and Physiology of The Neuromuscular Junction 268

Technique 270

Criteria of Abnormality 276

Rapid Rates of Stimulation 276

Selection of Nerve-Muscle Combinations 276

Clinical Correlations 278

23. Motor Evoked Potentials / Jasper R. Daube 282

Motor Evoked Potential Stimulation 282

Motor Evoked Potential Recording 285

Motor Evoked Potential Variables 285

Applications 286

Part D. Assessing the Motor Unit

24. Assessing the Motor Unit with Needle Electromyography / Jasper R. Daube 293

Knowledge Base of Needle Electromyography 294

Conducting the Needle Examination 294

Needle Examination Techniques 295

Electromyographic Analysis 297

Origin of Electromyographic Potentials 299

Normal Electromyographic Activity 299

Recruitment 301

Signal Analysis 305

Abnormal Electric Activity 307

25. Quantitative Electromyography / Robert C. Hermann, Jr. 324

Characteristics of the Motor Unit Potential 325

Characteristics of the Recording Equipment 326

Properties of Motor Unit Potentials with Standard Electrodes 328

Motor Unit Potential Complexity (Phases, Turns, Crossings) 330

Properties of Motor Unit Potentials Measurable Only with Special Electrodes 332

Properties of Interference Pattern 333

Manual Analysis of Single Motor Unit Potentials 334

Computer-Assisted Quantitative Analysis of Motor Unit Potentials 335

Automated Methods of Analysis of Motor Unit Potentials 337

Decomposition of the Interference Pattern Into Constituent Motor Unit Potentials 337

Turns and Amplitude Analysis of the Interference Pattern 339

Power-Spectrum Analysis 340

26. Single Fiber Electromyography / C. Michel Harper, Jr. 343

Technique 345

Pitfalls of Single Fiber Electromyography 349

Clinical Applications of Single Fiber Electromyography 353

27. Estimating the Number of Motor Units in a Muscle / Jasper R. Daube 358

Motor Unit Number Estimate by Standard Electromyography 359

Motor Unit Number Estimate by Standard Nerve Conduction Studies 360

Quantitative Motor Unit Number Estimate 361

Clinical Applications 368

Part E. Reflexes and Central Motor Control

28. H Reflexes / Kathryn A. Stolp-Smith 375

Physiologic Basis 375

Technique 377

Pediatric H Reflexes 378

Clinical Application 379

29. Cranial Reflexes / Raymond G. Auger, J. Clarke Stevens 382

Blink Reflex 382

Jaw Jerk (Masseter Reflex) 389

Masseter Inhibitory Reflex 391

30. Long Latency Reflexes and the Silent Period / Joseph Y. Matsumoto 394

Long Latency Reflexes 394

The Silent Period 396

31. Surface Electromyographic Studies of Movement Disorders / James H. Bower, Joseph Y.

Matsumoto 399

Techniques 400

Normal Patterns 401

Tremor 402

Myoclonus 405

Dystonia 409

Tics, Chorea, and Athetosis 411

Surface Electromyographic Study of Voluntary Movement Disorders 411

32. Vertigo and Balance / Robert H. Brey 413

Office Procedures and History Taking 414

Physical Examination of the Vestibular System 415

Laboratory Examination: Electronystagmography Test Battery 420

Otolith Organ Testing 427

Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence 427

Computerized Rotary Chair Test (Harmonic Acceleration Testing) 428

Computerized Dynamic Posturography 430

Vestibular Rehabilitation 433

Part F. Autonomic Function

33. Clinical Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System / Eduardo E. Benarroch 437

Symptoms and Diseases 437

General Organization of the Autonomic System 438

Sympathetic Function 439

Sympathetic Innervation of the Skin 440

Muscle Sympathetic Activity 440

Autonomic Control of Heart Rate 441

Cardiovascular Reflexes 441

Maintenance of Postural Normotension 442

34. Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test and Related Tests / Phillip A. Low 445

Laboratory Evaluation of Autonomic Function 445

Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test 445

35. Adrenergic Function / Phillip A. Low 451

Skin Vasomotor Reflexes 451

36. Thermoregulatory Sweat Test / Robert D. Fealey 458

Role of Thermoregulatory Sweat Testing: Clinical Syndromes and Problems Evaluated 458

Normal Thermoregulatory Sweat Distributions 462

Reporting Results 463

Difficulties and Pitfalls in Interpretation 464

37. Cardiovagal and Other Reflexes / Eduardo E. Benarroch, Phillip A. Low 467

Heart Rate Response to Deep Breathing 467

Heart Rate Response to Standing 469

Other Tests of Cardiovagal Function 469

Power Spectrum Analysis 470

The Valsalva Maneuver 470

Other Tests of Autonomic Function 474

38. Electrophysiology of Pain / Rose M. Dotson 477

Quantitative Sensory Test 477

Autonomic Tests 481

Microneurography 483

Laser Evoked Potentials 484

Part G. Sleep and Consciousness

39. Physiologic Assessment of Sleep / Peter J. Hauri, Cameron D. Harris, Michael H. Silber 493

Evaluation of Sleep 497

Assessing Respiration During Sleep 504

Assessing Periodic Limb Movements 510

Assessing Other Physiologic Variables 511

40. Assessing Sleep Disorders / Peter J. Hauri, Cameron D. Harris, Michael H. Silber 513

Indications for Polysomnography 513

Partial Evaluations 514

Performance of a Sleep Study 515

Disorders of Excessive Daytime Somnolence 516

Parasomnias 517

Part H. Intraoperative Monitoring

41. Cerebral Function Monitoring / Elson L. So, Frank W. Sharbrough 523

Technical Factors in Intraoperative Electroencephalographic Monitoring 523

Symmetrical Electroencephalographic Patterns During Anesthesia 527

Preoperative Focal Abnormalities 527

Focal Electroencephalographic Changes During Carotid Endarterectomy 528

Electroencephalography and Other Monitoring Techniques in Relation to Surgical Strategy During Carotid Endarterectomy 529

Electroencephalographic Monitoring During Cardiac Surgery 530

42. Brain Stem and Cranial Nerve Monitoring / C. Michel Harper, Jr. 532

Methods 532

Applications 535

43. Spinal Cord Monitoring / Jasper R. Daube 539

Applications 539

Monitoring Methods 540

Electromyographic and Nerve Conduction Studies 546

Types of Surgery 547

Primary Vascular Disease 552

44. Peripheral Nervous System Monitoring / C. Michel Harper, Jr. 555

Methods 555

Applications 556

Section 3. Applications of Clinical Neurophysiology: Assessing Symptom Complexes and Disease Entities

45. Application of Clinical Neurophysiology: Assessing Symptom Complexes / Jasper R. Daube, Elson L. So 565

Clinical Neurophysiology in the Assessment of Disease 566

When Clinical Neurophysiology Can Help 567

Symptom Complexes and Neural Systems 568

Localization of Disease 570

Identifying Disease Types 571

Prognosis 572

Assessing Clinical Disorders: Assessment with Electroencephalography 575

Assessing Clinical Disorders: Assessment with Electromyography and Nerve Conduction Studies 583.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

019514080X

OCLC:

49221934