The image processing handbook / John C. Russ.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Russ, John C.

Contributor:

Rosengarten Family Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Image processing--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Image processing.

Genre:

Handbooks and manuals.

Physical Description:

732 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 26 cm

Edition:

Fourth edition.

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, [2002]

Summary:

Thoroughly updated to reflect the rapid developments in imaging technology, this indispensable guide delivers an impressive array of concepts and techniques to help readers take full advantage of high-end imaging software. It adds a new dimension to the methods of enhancing images presented in the bestselling first edition.

Contents:

1 Acquiring Images 1

Human reliance on images for information 1

Video cameras 6

CCD cameras 8

Camera artefacts and limitations 11

Color cameras 13

Camera resolution 15

CMOS cameras 17

Focusing 18

Electronics and bandwidth limitations 18

Pixels 20

Grey-scale resolution 23

Noise 24

High-depth images 26

Color imaging 30

Digital camera limitations 36

Color spaces 40

Color correction 47

Color displays 50

Image types 52

Range imaging 54

Multiple images 59

Stereoscopy 64

Imaging requirements 71

2 Printing and Storage 79

Printing 79

Dots on paper 83

Color printing 88

Printing hardware 93

Film recorders 98

File storage 100

Storage media 101

Magnetic recording 103

Databases for images 104

Browsing and thumbnails 108

Lossless coding 111

Reduced color palettes 117

JPEG compression 118

Wavelet compression 123

Fractal compression 126

Digital movies 128

3 Correcting Imaging Defects 131

Contrast expansion 131

Noisy images 137

Neighborhood averaging 140

Neighborhood ranking 152

Other neighborhood noise-reduction methods 162

Defect removal, maximum entropy, and maximum likelihood 167

Nonuniform illumination 171

Fitting a background function 174

Rank leveling 179

Color shading 181

Non-planar views 188

Computer graphics 189

Geometrical distortion 191

Alignment 193

Interpolation 197

Morphing 202

4 Image Enhancement (Processing in the Spatial Domain) 207

Contrast manipulation 208

Histogram equalization 211

Laplacian 219

Derivatives 229

The Sobel and Kirsch operators 232

Rank operations 248

Texture 257

Fractal analysis 261

Implementation notes 263

Image math 264

Subtracting images 265

Multiplication and division 269

5 Processing Images in Frequency Space 277

Some necessary mathematical preliminaries 277

What frequency space is all about 277

The Fourier transform 278

Fourier transforms of real functions 281

Frequencies and orientations 286

Measuring images in the frequency domain 286

Orientation and spacing 286

Preferred orientation 290

Texture and fractals 295

Filtering images 297

Isolating periodic noise 297

Masks and filters 303

Selection of periodic information 309

Convolution and correlation 314

Fundamentals of convolution 314

Imaging system characteristics 317

Noise and Wiener deconvolution 322

Motion blur 325

Template matching and correlation 328

Autocorrelation 331

6 Segmentation and Thresholding 333

Thresholding 333

Multiband images 336

Two-dimensional thresholds 338

Multiband thresholding 341

Thresholding from texture 346

Multiple thresholding criteria 349

Textural orientation 352

Accuracy and reproducibility 357

Including position information 359

Selective histograms 366

Boundary lines 367

Contours 370

Image representation 374

Other segmentation methods 377

The general classification problem 379

7 Processing Binary Images 383

Boolean operations 383

Combining Boolean operations 387

Masks 389

From pixels to features 391

Boolean logic with features 397

Selecting features by location 402

Double thresholding 405

Erosion and dilation 409

Opening and closing 410

Isotropy 413

Measurements using erosion and dilation 417

Extension to grey-scale images 419

Morphology neighborhood parameters 420

Examples of use 421

The custer 425

Euclidean distance map 425

Watershed segmentation 429

Ultimate eroded points 434

Other EDM-based measurements 434

Skeletonization 435

Boundary lines and thickening 437

Combining skeleton and EDM 442

8 Global Image Measurements 445

Global measurements and stereology 445

Surface area 450

ASTM Grain Size 453

Multiple types of surfaces 456

Length 457

Sampling strategies 459

Determining number 461

Curvature, connectivity, and the disector 462

Anisotropy and gradients 466

Size distributions 469

Classical stereology (unfolding) 471

9 Feature-Specific Measurements 475

Brightness measurements 475

Determining location 481

Orientation 484

Neighbor relationships 486

Alignment 491

Counting features 496

Special counting procedures 499

Feature size 502

Circles and ellipses 505

Caliper dimensions 507

Perimeter 509

Describing shape 512

Fractal dimension 515

Harmonic analysis 519

Topology 522

Three-dimensional measurements 523

10 Feature Recognition and Classification 527

Template matching and cross-correlation 527

Parametric description 529

Decision points 534

Multidimensional classification 536

Learning systems 541

kNN and cluster analysis 545

Expert systems 549

Neural nets 551

Syntactical models 553

11 3D Image Acquisition 555

Volume imaging versus sections 555

Basics of reconstruction 558

Algebraic reconstruction methods 563

Maximum entropy 567

Defects in reconstructed images 568

Beam hardening 573

Imaging geometries 578

Three-dimensional tomography 580

High-resolution tomography 587

12 3D Image Visualization 591

Sources of 3D data 591

Serial sections 592

Optical sectioning 596

Sequential removal 598

Stereo measurement 600

3D data sets 604

Slicing the data set 606

Arbitrary section planes 611

The use of color 615

Volumetric display 615

Stereo viewing 618

Special display hardware 623

Ray tracing 624

Reflection 628

Surfaces 633

Multiply connected surfaces 639

Image processing in 3D 643

Measurements on 3D images 647

13 Imaging Surfaces 651

Producing surfaces 651

Devices that image surfaces by physical contact 653

Noncontacting measurements 657

Microscopy of surfaces 659

Surface composition imaging 662

Processing of range images 664

Processing of composition maps 668

Data presentation and visualization 669

Rendering and visualization 674

Analysis of surface data 677

Profile measurements 683

The Birmingham measurement suite 687

New approaches

topographic analysis and fractal dimensions 693.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [699]-716) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rosengarten Family Fund.

ISBN:

084931142X

OCLC:

49238287