The chemistry of metal alkoxides / by Nataliya Ya. Turova ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Turova, Nataliya Ya.

Rosengarten Family Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Alkoxides.

Physical Description:

xii, 568 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston ; London : Kluwer Academic Publishers, [2002]

Summary:

The study of the chemistry of metal alkoxides, which began more than 100 years ago, is now experiencing a renaissance due to the broad application of these compounds as molecular precursors in the synthesis of advanced technological materials based on simple and complex oxides. The solution of this problem is occupying a wide circle of inorganic chemists, technologists specializing in fine synthesis in nonaqueous media, and those working on the production of films and coatings. The application of metal alkoxides in the first step of sol-gel technology (based on hydrolysis of alkoxides with the subsequent dehydration of the hydrated oxides formed) is addressed in this monograph covering the modern literature devoted to all the steps of this process.

This book is devoted to the general questions of the chemistry of metal alkoxides -- the synthetic routes to them (both laboratory and technology) physiochemical properties, structure, specific features of single groups of alkoxides, theoretical principles of their use for the preparation of simple and complex oxides by the sol-gel method, and major directions of the application of this method in the preparation of functional materials. Also included are the derivatives of single elements of first through eighth groups of the Periodic Table. The tables contain the major data on the alkoxides, phenoxides, siloxides, derivatives of polyatomic alcohols, and phenols -- their composition, structure, preparation techniques, and major physiochemical characteristics. These tables allow the book to be used as a handbook permitting a quick and essentially complete acquaintance with the distinct compounds and the literature describing them.

Contents:

1.1. Classification. General characteristic of the metal alkoxides 1

1.2. Main steps in the development of the chemistry of metal alkoxides 3

1.3. Application of alkoxides in sol-gel processes 6

Chapter 2. General Synthetic Approaches 11

2.1. Reactions of metals with alcohols (method 1) 11

2.2. Anodic oxidation of metals (method 2) 14

2.3. Reactions of metal oxides or hydroxides with alcohols (method 3) 16

2.4. Alcoholysis of MX[subscript n] (method 4) 18

2.5. Metathesis reactions of MX[subscript n] with alkaline alkoxides or ammonia (method 5) 21

2.6. Reactions of alcohol interchange or transesterification (method 6) 26

2.7. Redox reactions of metal alkoxides: Oxidation of organometallic compounds (method 7) 28

Chapter 3. Physicochemical Properties of Alkoxides: Regularities in the Homologous Series 31

Chapter 4. Crystal and Molecular Structures of Metal Alkoxides 37

4.1. Mononuclear complexes 38

4.2. Binuclear complexes 41

4.3. Trinuclear complexes 45

4.4. Tetranuclear complexes 48

4.5. Pentanuclear complexes 55

4.6. Hexanuclear complexes 56

4.7. Oligomeric alkoxides containing more than 6 nuclei 59

4.8. Polymers 65

Chapter 5. Oxoalkoxides 69

Chapter 6. Specific Features of Physico-Chemical Behavior: [angle quotation mark, left]Coordination Polymerism[angle quotation mark, right] 77

Chapter 7. Heteroleptic Metal Alkoxides Containing Carboxylato-, [beta]-Diketonato, and Aminoalkoxide Ligands 87

7.1. Synthesis 88

7.2. Molecular structures 92

7.3. Particular features of hydrolysis and thermolysis 94

Chapter 8. Adducts and Heterometallic Alkoxides 97

8.1. Solvate complexes 97

8.2. Heterometallic complexes 99

Chapter 9. Hydrolysis of Metal Alkoxides and Synthesis of Simple Oxides by the Sol-Gel Method 107

9.1. Alkoxides of the metals of groups I and II 112

9.2. Aluminum alkoxides 112

9.3. Alkoxides of rare earth elements 114

9.4. Germanium, tin, lead alkoxides 114

9.5. Titanium and zirconium alkoxides 115

9.6. Bismuth alkoxides 122

9.7. Vanadium alkoxides 123

9.8. Niobium and tantalum alkoxides 124

9.9. Molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides 125

9.10. Iron ethoxide 125

Chapter 10. Synthesis of Complex Oxides from Metal Alkoxides 127

10.1. Barium titanate and BaTiO[subscript 3]-based solid solutions 129

10.2. Complex niobates and tantalates 137

10.3. Lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) and lead-lanthane zirconate-titanate (PLZT) solid solutions 141

10.4. Bismuth strontium tantalates and niobates SrBi[subscript 2]M[superscript V subscript 2]O[subscript 9] (M[superscript V] = Nb, Ta) 144

10.5. High-temperature superconductors 147

Chapter 11. Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials 149

11.1. Systems with weak chemical interactions 150

11.2. Systems with strong chemical interactions between components 153

Chapter 12. The Overview of Metal Alkoxide Derivatives Along the Groups of the Periodic Table 159

12.1. Alkaline, alkaline earth, and magnesium alkoxides 160

12.2. Copper, silver, and gold alkoxides 199

12.3. Beryllium alkoxides 211

12.4. Zinc, cadmium, and mercury alkoxides 217

12.5. Aluminium alkoxides 224

12.6. Gallium, indium, and thallium alkoxides 245

12.7. Rare earth elements alkoxides 256

12.8. Germanium alkoxides 289

12.9. Tin alkoxides 297

12.10. Lead alkoxides 309

12.11. Titanium alkoxides 315

12.12. Zirconium and hafnium alkoxides 348

12.13. Thorium alkoxides 367

12.14. Bismuth alkoxides 372

12.15. Vanadium alkoxides 379

12.16. Niobium and tantalum alkoxides 395

12.17. Chromium alkoxides 418

12.18. Molybdenum and tungsten alkoxides 425

12.19. Uranium and transuranium elements alkoxides 434

12.20. Manganese alkoxides 469

12.21. Technetium and rhenium alkoxides 473

12.22. Iron alkoxides 475

12.23. Cobalt and nickel alkoxides 490

12.24. Alkoxide derivatives of platinum metals 497.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [505]-562) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rosengarten Family Fund.

ISBN:

0792375211

OCLC:

48810260