Geomicrobiology / Henry Lutz Ehrlich.

Format:

• Book

Author/Creator:

• Ehrlich, Henry Lutz, 1925-

Contributor:

• Rosengarten Family Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Geomicrobiology.

Physical Description:

xxviii, 768 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Fourth edition, revised and expanded.

Place of Publication:

New York : Marcel Dekker, [2002]

Contents:

• 2. The Earth as a Microbial Habitat 7
• 2.1 Geologically Important Features 7
• 2.2 The Biosphere 12
• 3. The Origin of Life and Its Early History 21
• 3.1 The Beginnings 21
• 3.2 Evolution of Life Through the Precambrian: Biological and Biochemical Benchmarks 28
• 3.3 The Evidence 38
• 4. The Lithosphere as a Microbial Habitat 49
• 4.1 Rock and Minerals 49
• 4.2 Mineral Soil 51
• 4.3 Organic Soils 65
• 4.4 The Deep Subsurface 65
• 5. The Hydrosphere as a Microbial Habitat 73
• 5.1 The Oceans 73
• 5.2 Freshwater Lakes 95
• 5.3 Rivers 102
• 5.4 Groundwaters 103
• 6. Geomicrobial Processes: A Physiological and Biochemical Overview 117
• 6.1 Types of Geomicrobial Agents 117
• 6.2 Geomicrobially Important Physiological Groups of Prokaryotes 119
• 6.3 Role of Microbes in Inorganic Conversions in the Lithosphere and Hydrosphere 121
• 6.4 Types of Microbial Activities Influencing Geological Processes 122
• 6.5 Microbes as Catalysts of Geochemical Processes 123
• 6.6 Microbial Mineralization of Organic Matter 142
• 6.7 Microbial Products of Metabolism That Can Cause Geomicrobial Transformations 144
• 6.8 Physical Parameters That Influence Geomicrobial Activity 144
• 7. Methods in Geomicrobiology 153
• 7.2 Detection and Isolation of Geomicrobially Active Organisms 155
• 7.3 In Situ Study of Past Geomicrobial Activity 164
• 7.4 In Situ Study of Ongoing Geomicrobial Activity 166
• 7.5 Laboratory Reconstruction of Geomicrobial Processes in Nature 168
• 7.6 Quantitative Study of Growth on Surfaces 172
• 7.7 Test for Distinguishing Between Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Geomicrobial Activity 176
• 7.8 Study of Reaction Products of a Geomicrobial Transformation 176
• 8. Microbial Formation and Degradation of Carbonates 183
• 8.1 Distribution of Carbon in the Earth's Crust 183
• 8.2 Biological Carbonate Deposition 184
• 8.3 Biodegradation of Carbonates 212
• 8.4 Biological Carbonate Formation and Degradation and the Carbon Cycle 218
• 9. Geomicrobial Interactions with Silicon 229
• 9.1 Distribution and Some Chemical Properties 229
• 9.2 Biologically Important Properties of Silicon and Its Compounds 231
• 9.3 Bioconcentration of Silicon 233
• 9.4 Biomobilization of Silicon and Other Constituents of Silicates (Bioweathering) 239
• 9.5 Role of Microbes in the Silicon Cycle 245
• 10. Geomicrobiology of Aluminum: Microbes and Bauxite 255
• 10.2 Microbial Role in Bauxite Formation 256
• 11. Geomicrobial Interactions with Phosophorus 267
• 11.1 Biological Importance of Phosphorus 267
• 11.2 Occurrence in the Earth's Crust 268
• 11.3 Conversion of Organic into Inorganic Phosphorus and the Synthesis of Phosphate Esters 268
• 11.4 Assimilation of Phosphorus 270
• 11.5 Microbial Solubilization of Phosphate Minerals 271
• 11.6 Microbial Phosphate Immobilization 274
• 11.7 Microbial Reduction of Oxidized Forms of Phosphorus 278
• 11.8 Microbial Oxidation of Reduced Forms of Phosphorus 280
• 11.9 Microbial Role in the Phosphorus Cycle 281
• 12. Geomicrobially Important Interactions with Nitrogen 289
• 12.1 Nitrogen in the Biosphere 289
• 12.2 Microbial Interactions with Nitrogen 290
• 12.3 Microbial Role in the Nitrogen Cycle 297
• 13. Geomicrobial Interactions with Arsenic and Antimony 303
• 13.2 Arsenic 303
• 13.3 Antimony 317
• 14. Geomicrobiology of Mercury 327
• 14.2 Distribution of Mercury in the Earth's Crust 328
• 14.3 Anthropogenic Mercury 328
• 14.4 Mercury in the Environment 329
• 14.5 Specific Microbial Interactions with Mercury 330
• 14.6 Genetic Control of Mercury Transformations 335
• 14.7 Environmental Significance of Microbial Mercury Transformations 336
• 14.8 A Mercury Cycle 337
• 15. Geomicrobiology of Iron 345
• 15.1 Iron Distribution in the Earth's Crust 345
• 15.2 Geochemically Important Properties 345
• 15.3 Biological Importance of Iron 347
• 15.4 Iron as Energy Source for Bacteria 349
• 15.5 Anaerobic Oxidation of Ferrous Iron 376
• 15.6 Iron(III) as Terminal Electron Acceptor in Bacterial Respiration 377
• 15.7 Nonenzymatic Oxidation of Ferrous Iron and Reduction of Ferric Iron by Microbes 393
• 15.8 Microbial Precipitation of Iron 395
• 15.9 The Concept of Iron Bacteria 397
• 15.10 Sedimentary Iron Deposits of Putative Biogenic Origin 398
• 15.11 Microbial Mobilization of Iron from Minerals in Ore, Soil, and Sediments 403
• 15.12 Microbes and the Iron Cycle 404
• 16. Geomicrobiology of Manganese 429
• 16.1 Occurrence of Manganese in the Earth's Crust 429
• 16.2 Geochemically Important Properties of Manganese 430
• 16.3 Biological Importance of Manganese 431
• 16.4 Manganese-Oxidizing and -Reducing Bacteria and Fungi 431
• 16.5 Bio-oxidation of Manganese 435
• 16.6 Bioreduction of Manganese 447
• 16.7 Bioaccumulation of Manganese 459
• 16.8 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Soil and on Rocks 463
• 16.9 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Freshwater Environments 468
• 16.10 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Marine Environments 477
• 16.11 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Soils and Ores 496
• 16.12 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Freshwater Environments 499
• 16.13 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Marine Environments 500
• 16.14 Microbial Manganese Reduction and Mineralization of Organic Matter 503
• 16.15 Microbial Role in the Manganese Cycle in Nature 503
• 17. Geomicrobial Interactions with Chromium, Molybedenum, Vanadium, Uranium, and Polonium 529
• 17.1 Microbial Interactions with Chromium 529
• 17.2 Microbial Interaction with Molybdenum 536
• 17.3 Microbial Interaction with Vanadium 537
• 17.4 Microbial Interaction with Uranium 539
• 17.5 Bacterial Interaction with Polonium 541
• 18. Geomicrobiology of Sulfur 549
• 18.1 Occurrence of Sulfur in the Earth's Crust 549
• 18.2 Geochemically Important Properties of Sulfur 550
• 18.3 Biological Importance of Sulfur 551
• 18.4 Mineralization of Organic Sulfur Compounds 551
• 18.5 Sulfur Assimilation 552
• 18.6 Geomicrobially Important Types of Bacteria That React with Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds 553
• 18.7 Physiology and Biochemistry of Microbial Oxidation of Reduced Forms of Sulfur 562
• 18.8 Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Growth on Reduced Forms of Sulfur 573
• 18.9 Anaerobic Respiration Using Oxidized Forms of Sulfur as Electron Acceptors 577
• 18.10 Autotrophy, Mixotrophy, and Heterotrophy Among Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria 585
• 18.11 Biodeposition of Native Sulfur 587
• 18.12 Microbial Role in the Sulfur Cycle 601
• 19. Biogenesis and Biodegradation of Sulfide Minerals at the Earth's Surface 621
• 19.2 Natural Origins of Metal Sulfides 622
• 19.3 Principles of Metal Sulfide Formation 626
• 19.4 Laboratory Evidence in Support of Biogenesis of Metal Sulfides 627
• 19.5 Bio-oxidation of Metal Sulfides 630
• 19.6 Bioleaching of Metal Sulfide and Uraninite Ores 642
• 19.7 Bioextraction of Metal Sulfide Ores by Complexation 651
• 19.8 Formation of Acid Coal Mine Draiage 652
• 20. Geomicrobiology of Selenium and Tellurium 669
• 20.1 Occurrence in the Earth's Crust 669
• 20.2 Biological Importance 669
• 20.3 Toxicity of Selenium and Tellurium 670
• 20.4 Bio-oxidation of Reduced Forms of Selenium 671
• 20.5 Bioreduction of Oxidized Selenium Compounds 672
• 20.6 Selenium Cycle 676
• 20.7 Bio-oxidation of Reduced Forms of Tellurium 676
• 20.8 Bioreduction of Oxidized Forms of Tellurium 677
• 21. Geomicrobiology of Fossil Fuels 683
• 21.2 Natural Abundance of Fossil Fuels 683
• 21.3 Methane 685
• 21.4 Peat 699
• 21.5 Coal 702
• 21.6 Petroleum 706.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rosengarten Family Fund.

ISBN:

0824707648

OCLC:

49550210

Online:

The Rosengarten Family Fund Home Page