Geomicrobiology / Henry Lutz Ehrlich.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ehrlich, Henry Lutz, 1925-

Contributor:

Rosengarten Family Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Geomicrobiology.

Physical Description:

xxviii, 768 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Edition:

Fourth edition, revised and expanded.

Place of Publication:

New York : Marcel Dekker, [2002]

Contents:

2. The Earth as a Microbial Habitat 7

2.1 Geologically Important Features 7

2.2 The Biosphere 12

3. The Origin of Life and Its Early History 21

3.1 The Beginnings 21

3.2 Evolution of Life Through the Precambrian: Biological and Biochemical Benchmarks 28

3.3 The Evidence 38

4. The Lithosphere as a Microbial Habitat 49

4.1 Rock and Minerals 49

4.2 Mineral Soil 51

4.3 Organic Soils 65

4.4 The Deep Subsurface 65

5. The Hydrosphere as a Microbial Habitat 73

5.1 The Oceans 73

5.2 Freshwater Lakes 95

5.3 Rivers 102

5.4 Groundwaters 103

6. Geomicrobial Processes: A Physiological and Biochemical Overview 117

6.1 Types of Geomicrobial Agents 117

6.2 Geomicrobially Important Physiological Groups of Prokaryotes 119

6.3 Role of Microbes in Inorganic Conversions in the Lithosphere and Hydrosphere 121

6.4 Types of Microbial Activities Influencing Geological Processes 122

6.5 Microbes as Catalysts of Geochemical Processes 123

6.6 Microbial Mineralization of Organic Matter 142

6.7 Microbial Products of Metabolism That Can Cause Geomicrobial Transformations 144

6.8 Physical Parameters That Influence Geomicrobial Activity 144

7. Methods in Geomicrobiology 153

7.2 Detection and Isolation of Geomicrobially Active Organisms 155

7.3 In Situ Study of Past Geomicrobial Activity 164

7.4 In Situ Study of Ongoing Geomicrobial Activity 166

7.5 Laboratory Reconstruction of Geomicrobial Processes in Nature 168

7.6 Quantitative Study of Growth on Surfaces 172

7.7 Test for Distinguishing Between Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Geomicrobial Activity 176

7.8 Study of Reaction Products of a Geomicrobial Transformation 176

8. Microbial Formation and Degradation of Carbonates 183

8.1 Distribution of Carbon in the Earth's Crust 183

8.2 Biological Carbonate Deposition 184

8.3 Biodegradation of Carbonates 212

8.4 Biological Carbonate Formation and Degradation and the Carbon Cycle 218

9. Geomicrobial Interactions with Silicon 229

9.1 Distribution and Some Chemical Properties 229

9.2 Biologically Important Properties of Silicon and Its Compounds 231

9.3 Bioconcentration of Silicon 233

9.4 Biomobilization of Silicon and Other Constituents of Silicates (Bioweathering) 239

9.5 Role of Microbes in the Silicon Cycle 245

10. Geomicrobiology of Aluminum: Microbes and Bauxite 255

10.2 Microbial Role in Bauxite Formation 256

11. Geomicrobial Interactions with Phosophorus 267

11.1 Biological Importance of Phosphorus 267

11.2 Occurrence in the Earth's Crust 268

11.3 Conversion of Organic into Inorganic Phosphorus and the Synthesis of Phosphate Esters 268

11.4 Assimilation of Phosphorus 270

11.5 Microbial Solubilization of Phosphate Minerals 271

11.6 Microbial Phosphate Immobilization 274

11.7 Microbial Reduction of Oxidized Forms of Phosphorus 278

11.8 Microbial Oxidation of Reduced Forms of Phosphorus 280

11.9 Microbial Role in the Phosphorus Cycle 281

12. Geomicrobially Important Interactions with Nitrogen 289

12.1 Nitrogen in the Biosphere 289

12.2 Microbial Interactions with Nitrogen 290

12.3 Microbial Role in the Nitrogen Cycle 297

13. Geomicrobial Interactions with Arsenic and Antimony 303

13.2 Arsenic 303

13.3 Antimony 317

14. Geomicrobiology of Mercury 327

14.2 Distribution of Mercury in the Earth's Crust 328

14.3 Anthropogenic Mercury 328

14.4 Mercury in the Environment 329

14.5 Specific Microbial Interactions with Mercury 330

14.6 Genetic Control of Mercury Transformations 335

14.7 Environmental Significance of Microbial Mercury Transformations 336

14.8 A Mercury Cycle 337

15. Geomicrobiology of Iron 345

15.1 Iron Distribution in the Earth's Crust 345

15.2 Geochemically Important Properties 345

15.3 Biological Importance of Iron 347

15.4 Iron as Energy Source for Bacteria 349

15.5 Anaerobic Oxidation of Ferrous Iron 376

15.6 Iron(III) as Terminal Electron Acceptor in Bacterial Respiration 377

15.7 Nonenzymatic Oxidation of Ferrous Iron and Reduction of Ferric Iron by Microbes 393

15.8 Microbial Precipitation of Iron 395

15.9 The Concept of Iron Bacteria 397

15.10 Sedimentary Iron Deposits of Putative Biogenic Origin 398

15.11 Microbial Mobilization of Iron from Minerals in Ore, Soil, and Sediments 403

15.12 Microbes and the Iron Cycle 404

16. Geomicrobiology of Manganese 429

16.1 Occurrence of Manganese in the Earth's Crust 429

16.2 Geochemically Important Properties of Manganese 430

16.3 Biological Importance of Manganese 431

16.4 Manganese-Oxidizing and -Reducing Bacteria and Fungi 431

16.5 Bio-oxidation of Manganese 435

16.6 Bioreduction of Manganese 447

16.7 Bioaccumulation of Manganese 459

16.8 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Soil and on Rocks 463

16.9 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Freshwater Environments 468

16.10 Microbial Manganese Deposition in Marine Environments 477

16.11 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Soils and Ores 496

16.12 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Freshwater Environments 499

16.13 Microbial Mobilization of Manganese in Marine Environments 500

16.14 Microbial Manganese Reduction and Mineralization of Organic Matter 503

16.15 Microbial Role in the Manganese Cycle in Nature 503

17. Geomicrobial Interactions with Chromium, Molybedenum, Vanadium, Uranium, and Polonium 529

17.1 Microbial Interactions with Chromium 529

17.2 Microbial Interaction with Molybdenum 536

17.3 Microbial Interaction with Vanadium 537

17.4 Microbial Interaction with Uranium 539

17.5 Bacterial Interaction with Polonium 541

18. Geomicrobiology of Sulfur 549

18.1 Occurrence of Sulfur in the Earth's Crust 549

18.2 Geochemically Important Properties of Sulfur 550

18.3 Biological Importance of Sulfur 551

18.4 Mineralization of Organic Sulfur Compounds 551

18.5 Sulfur Assimilation 552

18.6 Geomicrobially Important Types of Bacteria That React with Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds 553

18.7 Physiology and Biochemistry of Microbial Oxidation of Reduced Forms of Sulfur 562

18.8 Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Growth on Reduced Forms of Sulfur 573

18.9 Anaerobic Respiration Using Oxidized Forms of Sulfur as Electron Acceptors 577

18.10 Autotrophy, Mixotrophy, and Heterotrophy Among Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria 585

18.11 Biodeposition of Native Sulfur 587

18.12 Microbial Role in the Sulfur Cycle 601

19. Biogenesis and Biodegradation of Sulfide Minerals at the Earth's Surface 621

19.2 Natural Origins of Metal Sulfides 622

19.3 Principles of Metal Sulfide Formation 626

19.4 Laboratory Evidence in Support of Biogenesis of Metal Sulfides 627

19.5 Bio-oxidation of Metal Sulfides 630

19.6 Bioleaching of Metal Sulfide and Uraninite Ores 642

19.7 Bioextraction of Metal Sulfide Ores by Complexation 651

19.8 Formation of Acid Coal Mine Draiage 652

20. Geomicrobiology of Selenium and Tellurium 669

20.1 Occurrence in the Earth's Crust 669

20.2 Biological Importance 669

20.3 Toxicity of Selenium and Tellurium 670

20.4 Bio-oxidation of Reduced Forms of Selenium 671

20.5 Bioreduction of Oxidized Selenium Compounds 672

20.6 Selenium Cycle 676

20.7 Bio-oxidation of Reduced Forms of Tellurium 676

20.8 Bioreduction of Oxidized Forms of Tellurium 677

21. Geomicrobiology of Fossil Fuels 683

21.2 Natural Abundance of Fossil Fuels 683

21.3 Methane 685

21.4 Peat 699

21.5 Coal 702

21.6 Petroleum 706.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Rosengarten Family Fund.

ISBN:

0824707648

OCLC:

49550210