Nuuchahnulth (Nootka) morphosyntax / Toshihide Nakayama.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Nakayama, Toshihide, 1963-

Series:

University of California publications in linguistics ; v. 134.

Language:

English

Wakashan languages

Subjects (All):

Nuu-chah-nulth language--Morphosyntax.

Nuu-chah-nulth language.

Grammar, Comparative and general--Morphosyntax.

Physical Description:

xi, 165 pages ; 26 cm.

Place of Publication:

Berkeley, CA : University of California Press, [2001]

Language Note:

English and Nootka.

Summary:

This volume describes aspects of word- and sentence-formation in Nuuchahnulth (formerly known as Nootka), a language spoken on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Aspects included are polysynthetic word formation, word classes, and clause structure. The morphosyntactic regularities are examined in the context of general structural characteristics of the language in an attempt to contribute to the language an internally and typologically accurate understanding of Nuuchahnulth morphosyntactic structures. ]

Contents:

1.1. About the Language 1

1.2. Previous Studies 3

1.3. About the Database 3

1.4. About the Writing System 4

1.5. Organization of This Grammar 5

2. Overview of Phonology and Morphology 6

2.1. Phoneme Inventory 6

2.1.1. Consonants 6

2.1.2. Vowels 7

2.2. Phonological Processes 9

2.2.1. Vowel Contraction 9

2.2.2. Labialization 11

2.2.3. Delabialization 11

2.3. Morphophonemics 12

2.3.1. Hardening 12

2.3.2. Softening 14

2.3.3. Lengthening 15

2.3.4. Reduplication 15

2.4. Morphology 16

2.4.1. Core vs. Peripheral Suffixes 16

2.4.2. Core Suffixes 18

2.4.2.1. Lexical Suffixes 18

2.4.2.2. Aspect 25

2.4.2.2.1. Momentaneous 25

2.4.2.2.2. Durative 26

2.4.2.2.3. Continuative 26

2.4.2.2.4. Inceptive 27

2.4.2.2.5. Iterative 27

2.4.2.2.6. Graduative 28

2.4.2.2.7. Repetitive 28

2.4.3. Peripheral Suffixes 29

2.4.3.1. Person 29

2.4.3.2. Mood 30

2.4.3.2.1. Indicative 30

2.4.3.2.2. Interrogative 31

2.4.3.2.3. Quotative 31

2.4.3.2.4. Conditional 32

2.4.3.2.5. Dubitative 33

2.4.3.2.6. Purposive 34

2.4.3.2.7. Subordinate 35

2.4.3.2.8. Relative 36

2.4.3.2.9. Indefinite Relative 36

2.4.3.2.10. Imperative 38

2.4.3.2.11. Placement of Mood Suffixes 38

2.4.3.2.12. The Nature of Mood Suffixes 43

3. The Nature of Word Classes and Word Formation 44

3.1. Word Classes 44

3.1.1. Previous Studies 44

3.1.1.1. Semantic Approaches 45

3.1.1.2. A Structural Approach 46

3.1.2. Word Classes in Nuuchahnulth 47

3.1.2.1. Nominals and Verbals 47

3.1.2.2. Adjectivals 50

3.1.2.3. Other Previously Proposed Word Classes 51

3.1.2.3.1. Adverbs? 51

3.1.2.3.2. Prepositions? 53

3.1.2.3.3. Auxiliary Verbs? 54

3.1.2.4. Summary of the Proposed Word Classes 56

3.1.2.5. The Nature of Word Classes in Nuuchahnulth 57

3.2. Internal Structure of the Word 58

3.2.1. Characteristics of Roots and Lexical Suffixes 58

3.2.1.1. Roots 58

3.2.1.2. Lexical Suffixes 59

3.2.2. Types of Relationships between Stems and Lexical Suffixes 64

3.2.2.1. Object + Predicate 64

3.2.2.2. Complement + Higher Predicate 64

3.2.2.3. Modifier + Nominal 65

3.2.2.4. Numeral + Classifier 66

3.2.2.5. Predicate + Adverbial 67

3.2.3. On the Nature of Morphological Complexity 68

4. The Structural Organization of Nuuchahnulth Syntax 69

4.1. Relationships between Words 69

4.1.1. Argumenthood 70

4.1.2. Modification 71

4.1.3. Serialization 71

4.1.4. Complementation 72

4.2. Domains of Syntactic Patterning 72

4.2.1. The Clause 73

4.2.2. The Phrase 76

4.2.2.1. Nominal phrase 76

4.2.2.2. Verbal Phrase 79

4.2.2.3. The Nature of the Domain 80

4.2.3. Predication 80

4.3. Argument Structure 83

4.3.1. Argument Structure in Nuuchahnulth 85

4.3.2. Characteristics of Arguments in Nuuchahnulth 86

4.3.2.1. Subjects 86

4.3.2.2. Objects 87

4.4. General Structure-Building Strategies 89

4.4.1. Expansion of Nominals 90

4.4.1.1. Nominal Concatenation 90

4.4.1.2. Modification 90

4.4.1.2.1. Types of Modification 91

4.4.1.2.2. General Organizational Principles 91

4.4.1.2.3. Meanings Added through Modificational Expansion 93

4.4.1.2.3.1. Quantifiers 93

4.4.1.2.3.2. Numerals 93

4.4.1.2.3.3. Property Concepts 94

4.4.1.2.3.4. Event / State 94

4.4.1.2.3.5. Location 96

4.4.2. Expansion of Verbals 97

4.4.2.1. Serialization 97

4.4.2.1.1. Function of Serialization 99

4.4.2.1.2. Meanings Expressed with Serialization 102

4.4.2.1.2.1. Action + Location 102

4.4.2.1.2.2. Action + Time 103

4.4.2.1.2.3. Action + Manner 104

4.4.2.1.2.4. Action + Action 105

4.4.2.1.2.5. Action + Relational 106

4.4.2.1.3. Structural Relationship between Serialized Clauses 109

4.4.2.1.4. Relative Ordering of Serialized Clauses 113

4.4.2.2. Modification 113

4.4.2.3. Complementation 114

4.4.2.3.1. Complement-Taking Predicates 114

4.4.2.3.1.1. Clauses as Complements 115

4.4.2.3.1.2. Predications as complements 117

4.4.2.3.2. Negation 119

4.4.2.3.3. Nonpolar Questions 122

4.5. The Manipulation of Participant Structure 123

4.5.1. Causatives 123

4.5.2. Possession 128

4.5.3. Perspective-Shifting 133

4.5.3.1. Types of Effects on the Participant Configuration 134

4.5.3.1.1. Perspective Reversal 134

4.5.3.1.2. Undergoer-Centralized Perspective-Setting 138

4.5.3.1.3. Departicularization 139

4.5.3.1.3.1. Generic Statements 139

4.5.3.1.3.2. Instructive Expressions 140

4.5.3.1.3.3. Nonspecific Actions 141

4.5.3.2. The Nature of the Effects of the Perspective-Shifting 142

4.6. Patterns of Encoding of the Participant Configuration in Discourse 143

4.6.1. Morphological vs. Syntactic Encoding of Participants 143

4.6.2. Simplex vs. Complex Predication 145

4.7. The Ordering of Arguments 148

4.7.1. Relative Ordering within a Clause 149

4.7.1.1. Ordering between Argument and Predicate 149

4.7.1.2. Ordering between Arguments 150

4.7.2. The Domain of Argument Placement 151.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 159-165).

ISBN:

0520098412

OCLC:

47790910