Cation binding by humic substances / Edward Tipping.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Tipping, Edward, 1948-

Series:

Cambridge environmental chemistry series ; 12.

Cambridge environmental chemistry series ; 12

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Humic acid--Derivatives.

Humic acid.

Cations.

Ligand binding (Biochemistry)--Mathematical models.

Ligand binding (Biochemistry).

Physical Description:

x, 434 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, U.K. ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Contents:

2.1 Natural organic matter and humic substances 4

2.2 Isolation and classification of humic substances 6

2.3 Formation and decomposition of humic substances 10

2.4 Chemical and physical properties of humic substances 13

2.5 Environmental concentrations of humic substances 24

2.6 Humic substances - accident or design? 30

3 Environmental solution and surface chemistry 32

3.1 Solutions and solutes 32

3.2 Natural particulate matter 34

3.3 Physico-chemical interactions in environmental aqueous systems 37

3.4 Equilibrium and kinetics 44

3.5 Chemical speciation 45

3.6 Calculation of equilibrium concentrations 46

4 Proton dissociation from weak acids 52

4.1 Acids and bases 52

4.2 Buffering 55

4.3 Kinetics 55

4.4 Diprotic acids 57

4.5 Extension to higher polyprotic acids 59

4.6 Electrostatic interactions among sites 61

4.7 Proton dissociation from well-defined polymers 73

4.8 Proton dissociation from humic substances 76

5 Metal-ligand interactions 77

5.1 Coordination 77

5.2 Chemical equilibria involving metal ions, protons and simple weak acid ligands 86

5.3 Multisite ligands 98

5.4 Electrostatic interactions 99

5.5 Results with well-defined macromolecules 99

6 Methods for measuring cation binding by humic substances 103

6.1 The humic sample 103

6.2 Determination of proton binding by potentiometry 104

6.3 Analytical determination of acid group contents 108

6.4 Direct measurement of equilibrium metal binding - principles 110

6.5 Separation methods to quantify equilibrium metal binding 113

6.6 Competition methods 119

6.7 Electrochemical techniques 121

6.8 Spectroscopic methods 123

6.9 Measurement of the kinetics of metal-humic interactions 126

7 Quantitative results with isolated humic substances 128

7.1 Proton dissociation 128

7.2 Equilibrium binding of metal ions 136

7.3 Kinetics of metal ion binding 151

8 Cation binding sites in humic substances 157

8.1 Proton-dissociating groups 157

8.2 Binding sites for metals - information from binding studies 159

8.3 Information from spectroscopy 162

8.4 Viscometry 169

9 Parameterised models of cation-humic interactions 171

9.1 Overview and philosophy 171

9.2 Models that describe the binding of a single cation 173

9.3 Simpler models that include competition 183

9.4 The site heterogeneity/polyelectrolyte models of Marinsky and colleagues 192

9.5 Modelling electrostatic effects in humic substances 194

9.6 Humic Ion-Binding Models V and VI 201

9.7 The NICA and NICCA models 206

10 Applications of comprehensive parameterised models 210

10.1 Interactions with protons 210

10.2 Binding of single metal cations interpreted with Model V 216

10.3 Binding of single metal cations interpreted with Model VI 220

10.4 Application of the NICCA model 229

10.5 Metal binding as a function of ionic strength 235

10.6 Non-specific binding 240

10.7 Competition between metals 240

10.8 Proton-metal exchange 246

10.9 Comparison of the NICCA-Donnan model and Model VI 249

10.10 Applications of the models to field situations 251

11 Predictive modelling 253

11.1 Electrostatic interactions 253

11.2 Binding sites 254

11.3 Prospects for predictive modelling 260

12 Cation-humic binding and other physico-chemical processes 262

12.1 The conformation of humic matter 262

12.2 Aggregation of humic substances 266

12.3 Adsorption of humic substances by mineral surfaces 270

12.4 Binding of organic cations by humic substances 278

12.5 Colloid stability 278

12.6 Dissolution of minerals 282

12.7 Formation of mineral precipitates 285

12.8 Other processes 287

13 Cation binding by humic substances in natural waters 288

13.1 Chemical speciation calculations 288

13.2 Interactions with major ions and protons 290

13.3 Interactions of humic substances with major cations 301

13.4 Competition 308

13.5 Interactions of heavy metals with humic substances in natural waters 315

13.6 Modelling heavy metal speciation in natural waters 320

13.7 Interactions with metallic radionuclides 331

13.8 Binding by dissolved humic matter compared to adsorption by suspended particulates 331

14 Cation binding by humic substances in soils and sediments 334

14.1 Components of the soil system 335

14.2 Sorption of major cations by organic-rich acid soils 339

14.3 Sorption of major cations by mineral soils 347

14.4 Sorption of trace cations by soil solids 352

14.5 Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in soil solution 359

14.6 Colloids in soil and aquifer porewaters 371

14.7 Cation-humic interactions in sediments 371

15 Research needs 380

15.1 Research needs for isolated humic materials 380

15.2 Research needs in field studies 385

15.3 Cation-humic interactions in catchments 387.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [391]-421) and index.

ISBN:

0521621461

OCLC:

48046054