Mathematics unbound : the evolution of an international mathematical research community, 1800-1945 / Karen Hunger Parshall, Adrian C. Rice, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Parshall, Karen Hunger, 1955-

Rice, Adrian C. (Adrian Clifford), 1970-

Series:

History of mathematics 0899-2428 ; v. 23.

History of mathematics, 0899-2428 ; v. 23

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Mathematics--Research--History--19th century.

Mathematics.

Mathematics--Research--History--20th century.

Mathematics--History--19th century.

History.

Mathematics--History--20th century.

Mathematics--Research.

Physical Description:

xxii, 406 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm.

Place of Publication:

Providence, R.I. : American Mathematical Society ; [London] : London Mathematical Society, [2002]

Contents:

Chapter 1. The Evolution of an International Mathematical Research Community, 1800-1945: An Overview and an Agenda / Karen Hunger Parshall, Adrian C. Rice 1

Internationalization, Internationalism, Transnationalism, Supranationalism, Multinationalism, Denationalization, ... : What's in a Word? 2

The Timeframe: 1800-1945 5

The Internationalization of a Mathematical Research Community, 1800-1945: A First Vintage 6

A Second Vintage and Beyond 11

Chapter 2. The End of Dominance: The Diffusion of French Mathematics Elsewhere, 1820-1870 / Ivor Grattan-Guinness 17

Multinationalism vs. Internationalism 17

French Dominance 18

Translating the French 20

Declin? 24

Case Study 1 Real-Variable Analysis 25

Case Study 2 Complex-Variable Analysis 27

Case Study 3 From Energy Mechanics to Energetics 28

Case Study 4 Celestial Mechanics, Especially Perturbations 30

Case Study 5 The Influence of Gauss 32

Chapter 3. Spanish Initiatives to Bring Mathematics in Spain into the International Mainstream / Elena Ausejo, Mariano Hormigon 45

The International Mainstream: A Problem of Definition 45

The Enlightenment 46

The Nineteenth Century 48

The Role of Individuals in History 51

The First Third of the Twentieth Century 53

Chapter 4. International Mathematical Contributions to British Scientific Journals, 1800-1900 / Sloan Evans Despeaux 61

Foreign Mathematics in British General Science Journals 62

British Specialized Science Journals as a Venue for Foreign Mathematics 66

Changes in Foreign Participation through the Nineteenth Century 69

A Geographical Profile of the Publication Community 76

Society Involvement and Personal Influence: Factors in Foreign Participation 79

Chapter 5. International Participation in Liouville's Journal de mathematiques pures et appliquees / Jesper Lutzen 89

The National Enterprise 89

Foreign Contributions to Liouville's Journal 91

Countering the Sense of French Self-sufficiency 93

International Inspirations for Liouville's Work: Mechanics 95

International Inspirations for Liouville's Work: Potential Theory 97

International Inspirations for Liouville's Work: Differential Geometry 98

Chapter 6. The Effects of War on France's International Role in Mathematics, 1870-1914 / Helene Gispert 105

The Creation of a National Mathematical Society: Nationalism and Professionalization 106

Structuralization of the SMF: Establishing an Academic Center 110

A Non-academic Periphery: Actors in and Values of the AFAS 111

Foreign Contributions to the Journals of the SMF and the AFAS 115

Center and Periphery: From National Contexts to the International Scale 117

Chapter 7. Charles Hermite and German Mathematics in France / Thomas Archibald 123

Hermite and German Mathematical Values 124

Hermite's Critique of Radicalism 126

The Promotion of Franco-German Relations in Mathematics 128

Bringing German Mathematics to French Students: A Thankless Task 131

German Mathematics and the French Mathematical Research Community 133

Chapter 8. Gosta Mittag-Leffler and the Foundation and Administration of Acta Mathematica / June E. Barrow-Green 139

The Founding of Acta Mathematica 140

Poincare, Cantor, Kovalevskaya, and Acta Mathematica 148

Acta Mathematica Volumes 1-20 155

Chapter 9. An Episode in the Evolution of a Mathematical Community: The Case of Cesare Arzela at Bologna / Laura Martini 165

The Bolognese Context 165

Galois Theory in the European Curriculum 166

Arzela's Sources for the Lectures 169

The Ruffini-Abel Theorem 170

Chapter 10. The First International Mathematical Community: The Circolo matematico di Palermo / Aldo Brigaglia 179

The Circolo matematico di Palermo in the Sicilian Cultural Milieu 179

The Circolo matematico di Palermo in the Italian Mathematical Milieu 180

The Role of Giovan Battista Guccia in the Circolo 183

The Circolo and the Internationalization of Mathematical Research 186

A Decade of Great Development, 1904-1914 187

The Decline 195

Chapter 11. Languages for Mathematics and the Language of Mathematics in a World of Nations / Jeremy J. Gray 201

A World of Nations 201

National Languages 203

International Languages in General 205

International Languages in Particular 206

Language, Meaning, and Mathematics: Calculation and Pasigraphy 209

Is Mathematics a Language? 211

Universal Language and Calculating Language 212

Nineteenth-century Linguistics 214

Language, Meaning, and Mathematics: Significs 216

Language, Meaning, and Mathematics: Hilbert and Husserl 218

Language, Meaning, and Mathematics: Hilbert and Schroder 221

Chapter 12. The Emergence of the Japanese Mathematical Community in the Modern Western Style, 1855-1945 / Chikara Sasaki 229

Japanese Mathematics from Traditional to Modern 229

Chinese Mathematics and Its Reform in Seventeenth-Century Japan 230

Learning Western Mathematics as Military Science, 1855-1868 231

Educational Reform during the Early Meiji Period, 1868-1877 232

The University of Tokyo and the Tokyo Mathematical Society, 1877-1881 236

The Germanization of the Political System and of Learning, 1881-1945 236

"For the Nation!" Fujisawa and Mathematical Research at Tokyo 238

The Kyoto University School 243

The Tohoku University School 243

The Other Colleges and Universities 246

Towards Democratization and Internationalization after World War II 246

Conclusion: General Characteristics of Mathematical Studies in Modern Japan 247

Chapter 13. Internationalizing Mathematics East and West: Individuals and Institutions in the Emergence of a Modern Mathematical Community in China / Joseph W. Dauben 253

Modern Science Emerges in China: The Self-Strengthening Movement 254

The Beijing Tongwen Guan (1861-1862) 256

The Shanghai Tongwen Guan (1863-1864) and the Jiangnan Arsenal (1865) 258

The Fuzhou Shipyard (1866) 260

Educational Reform and the "Reign of One Hundred Days" 262

Japan as an Early Role Model 263

England: Supporting the Rise of Mathematics in Modern China 264

France: Contributing to the Transmission of Modern Mathematics to China 268

Germany: A Model for Developing Modern Mathematics in China 270

The United States 272

New Institutional Models 275

Universities 276

The Chinese Mathematical Society 277

Chapter 14. Chinese-U.S. Mathematical Relations, 1859-1949 / Yibao Xu 287

The Boxer Indemnity and the Modernization of Chinese Mathematics 288

Harvard: An Educational Center for Chinese Mathematicians 294

The Institute for Advanced Study: A Bridge Between the U.S. and China 296

Two Unsuccessful Invitations 301

Chapter 15. American Initiatives Toward Internationalization: The Case of Leonard Dickson / Della Dumbaugh Fenster 311

Dickson in the Emergent Period of American Mathematics 313

Dickson's Research: The International Exchange of Mathematical Ideas 318

Dickson and the Publication of Manuscripts and Book-length Treatises 323

American Mathematics: Unbound 328

Chapter 16. The Effects of Nazi Rule on the International Participation of German Mathematicians: An Overview and Two Case Studies / Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze 335

Internationalization: A Complex of Factors 336

Germany Immediately after 1933: The Dogma of Antisemitism 339

Case Study 1 German Participation in the Oslo ICM, July 1936 342

Case Study 2 WWII and German International Participation: Harald

Geppert and Wilhelm Suss 345

Chapter 17. War, Refugees, and the Creation of an International Mathematical Community / Sanford L.

Segal 359

Before World War I 360

World War I and After 362

Hitler's Germany and Mathematical Refugees 368

The United States: Country of Refuge for Mathematicians 371

Internationalism under American Leadership 375

Chapter 18. The Formation of the International Mathematical Union / Olli Lehto 381

The First International Congresses of Mathematicians 384

World War I and its Aftermath 385

The Birth of the IMU 387

Opposition to the Policy of Exclusion 389

The Dissolution of the IMU 391

Epilogue: The New IMU 393.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0821821245

OCLC:

49225945