Medically important fungi : a guide to identification / Davise H. Larone; illustrated by the author.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Larone, Davise Honig, 1939-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pathogenic fungi--Identification.

Pathogenic fungi.

Fungi--Cultures and culture media.

Fungi.

Medical nycology.

Fungi--pathogenicity.

Fungi--cytology.

Mycology.

Medical Subjects:

Fungi--pathogenicity.

Fungi--cytology.

Mycology.

Genre:

Laboratory manuals.

Physical Description:

xviii, 409 pages, 27 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; cm

Edition:

Fourth edition.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : ASM Press, [2002]

Contents:

Safety Precautions 7

Part I Direct Microscopic Examination of Clinical Specimens

Histological Terminology 13

Tissue Reactions to Fungal Infection 17

Stains 21

Table 1 Stains for direct microscopic examination of fungi and filamentous bacteria in tissue 22

Guide to Interpretation of Direct Microscopic Examination 23

Detailed Descriptions 29

Actinomycosis 31

Mycetoma (Actinomycotic or Eumycotic) 32

Nocardiosis 34

Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis) 35

Aspergillosis 36

Miscellaneous Hyalohyphomycoses 38

Dermatophytosis 40

Tinea versicolor 41

Tinea nigra 42

Phaeohyphomycosis 43

Chromoblastomycosis 44

Sporotrichosis 45

Histoplasmosis capsulati 46

Penicilliosis marneffei 48

Blastomycosis 50

Paracoccidioidomycosis 51

Candidiasis (Candidosis) 52

Cryptococcosis 54

Pneumocystosis 56

Protothecosis 57

Coccidioidomycosis 58

Rhinosporidiosis 59

Adiaspiromycosis 61

Special References 63

Part II Identification of Fungi in Culture

Filamentous Bacteria 99

Table 2 Differentiation of aerobic actinomycetes 103

Nocardia spp. 104

Streptomyces spp. 106

Actinomadura spp. 107

Nocardiopsis dassonvillei 108

Yeasts and Yeastlike Organisms 109

Candida albicans 113

Table 3 Characteristics of the genera of clinically encountered yeasts and yeastlike organisms 114

Candida dubliniensis 115

Table 4 Characteristics of Candida spp. most commonly encountered in the clinical laboratory 116

Table 5 Characteristics that assist in differentiating Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans 118

Candida tropicalis 119

Candida parapsilosis 120

Candida lusitaniae 121

Candida krusei 122

Table 6 Differentiating characteristics of Blastoschizomyces capitatus vs Candida krusei 123

Table 7 Differentiating characteristics of Candida krusei vs Candida inconspicua 123

Candida kefyr 124

Candida guilliermondii 125

Candida lipolytica 126

Candida zeylanoides 127

Candida glabrata 128

Cryptococcus neoformans 129

Table 8 Characteristics of Cryptococcus spp. 130

Table 9 Characteristics of yeasts and yeastlike organisms other than Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. 131

Rhodotorula spp. 132

Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 133

Saccharomyces cerevisiae 134

Pichia anomala 135

Malassezia furfur 136

Malassezia pachydermatis 137

Ustilago sp. 138

Prototheca spp. 139

Trichosporon spp. 140

Table 10 Key characteristics of clinically encountered Trichosporon spp. 141

Blastoschizomyces capitatus 142

Geotrichum candidum 143

Thermally Dimorphic Fungi 145

Sporothrix schenckii 148

Histoplasma capsulatum 150

Blastomyces dermatitidis 152

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 154

Penicillium marneffei 156

Thermally Monomorphic Moulds 159

Zygomycetes 161

Table 11 Differential characteristics of similar organisms in the class Zygomycetes 165

Table 12 Differential characteristics of the clinically encountered Rhizopus spp. 165

Rhizopus spp. 166

Mucor spp. 167

Rhizomucor spp. 168

Absidia corymbifera 169

Apophysomyces elegans 170

Saksenaea vasiformis 172

Cokeromyces recurvatus 173

Cunninghamella bertholletiae 174

Syncephalastrum racemosum 175

Basidiobolus sp. 176

Conidiobolus coronatus 177

Dematiaceous Fungi 179

Fonsecaea pedrosoi 183

Fonsecaea compacta 185

Table 13 Characteristics of Phialophora, Phaeoacremonium, Acremonium, Phialemonium, and Lecythophora 186

Phialophora verrucosa 187

Phialophora richardsiae 188

Phaeoacremonium parasiticum 189

Phialemonium spp. 190

Cladosporium spp. 192

Table 14 Characteristics of Cladosporium and Cladophialophora spp. 193

Cladophialophora carrionii 194

Cladophialophora bantiana 195

Pseudallescheria boydii; Scedosporium apiospermum 196

Scedosporium prolificans 198

Dactylaria constricta 199

Table 15 Differentiation of the varieties of Dactylaria constricta 200

Table 16 Characteristics of some of the "black yeasts" 200

Exophiala jeanselmei 201

Wangiella dermatitidis (Exophiala dermatitidis) 202

Phaeoannellomyces werneckii (Hortaea werneckii, Exophiala werneckii) 203

Madurella mycetomatis 204

Madurella grisea 205

Piedraia hortae 206

Aureobasidium pullulans 207

Table 17 Differential characteristics of Aureobasidium pullulans vs Hormonema dematioides 209

Hormonema dematioides 210

Scytalidium spp. 211

Botrytis sp. 213

Stachybotrys chartarum (S. alternans, S. atra) 214

Graphium sp. 215

Curvularia spp. 216

Bipolaris spp. 217

Table 18 Characteristics of Bipolaris, Drechslera, and Exserohilum spp. 218

Exserohilum spp. 219

Helminthosporium sp. 220

Alternaria sp. 221

Ulocladium sp. 222

Stemphylium sp. 223

Pithomyces sp. 224

Epicoccum sp. 225

Nigrospora sp. 226

Chaetomium sp. 227

Phoma spp. 228

Dermatophytes 229

Microsporum audouinii 232

Microsporum canis var. canis 233

Microsporum canis var. distortum 234

Microsporum cookei 235

Microsporum gypseum complex 236

Microsporum gallinae 237

Microsporum nanum 238

Microsporum vanbreuseghemii 239

Microsporum ferrugineum 240

Trichophyton mentagrophytes 241

Table 19 Differentiation of similar conidia-producing Trichophyton spp. 242

Trichophyton rubrum 243

Trichophyton tonsurans 244

Trichophyton terrestre 245

Trichophyton megninii 246

Trichophyton soudanense 247

Table 20 Growth patterns of Trichophyton species on nutritional test media 248

Trichophyton schoenleinii 249

Trichophyton verrucosum 250

Trichophyton violaceum 251

Trichophyton ajelloi 252

Epidermophyton floccosum 253

Hyaline Hyphomycetes 255

Coccidioides immitis 258

Table 21 Differential characteristics of fungi in which arthroconidia predominate 260

Malbranchea spp. 261

Geomyces pannorum 262

Arthrographis kalrae 263

Emmonsia spp. 264

Table 22 Identification of the most common species of Aspergillus 266

Aspergillus spp. 268

Penicillium spp. 269

Paecilomyces spp. 270

Scopulariopsis spp. 272

Table 23 Differential characteristics of Paecilomyces variottii vs P. Iilacinus 274

Table 24 Differential characteristics of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis vs S.

brumptii 274

Gliocladium sp. 275

Trichoderma sp. 276

Beauveria bassiana 277

Verticillium sp. 278

Acremonium spp. 279

Fusarium spp. 280

Lecythophora spp. 282

Trichothecium roseum 283

Chrysosporium spp. 284

Table 25 Differential characteristics of Chrysosporium vs Sporotrichum 286

Sporotrichum sp. 287

Sepedonium sp. 288

Monilia sitophila 289

Part III Laboratory Technique

Laboratory Procedures 293

Collection and Preparation of Specimens 295

Methods for Direct Microscopic Examination of Specimens 298

Primary Isolation 300

Table 26 Media for primary isolation of fungi 301

Macroscopic Examination of Cultures 303

Microscopic Examination of Growth 303

Procedure for Identification of Yeasts 305

Isolation of Yeast When Mixed with Bacteria 307

Germ Tube Test for the Presumptive Identification of Candida albicans 307

Rapid Enzyme Tests for the Presumptive Identification of Candida albicans 308

Caffeic Acid Disk Test 308

Olive Oil Disks for Culturing Malassezia furfur 309

Conversion of Thermally Dimorphic Fungi in Culture 309

Method of Inducing Sporulation of Apophysomyces elegans and Saksenaea vasiformis 310

In Vitro Hair Perforation Test 310

Germ Tube Test for Differentiation of Some Dematiaceous Fungi 311

Maintenance of Stock Fungal Cultures 311

Controlling Mites 312

Staining Methods 313

Acid-Fast Modified Kinyoun Stain for Nocardia spp. 315

Acid-Fast Stain for Ascospores 316

Ascospore Stain 316

Calcofluor White Stain 316

Giemsa Stain 317

Gomori Methenamine Silver (GMS) Stain 318

Gram Stain (Hucker Modification) 320

Lactophenol Cotton Blue 321

Lactophenol Cotton Blue with PVA (Huber's Mounting Medium, Modified) 322

Rehydration of Paraffin-Embedded Tissue 323

Media 325

Ascospore Media 327

Assimilation Media (for Yeasts) 328

Birdseed Agar (Niger Seed Agar; Staib Agar) 332

Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar 333

Candida ID Agar 333

Casein Agar 334

CHROMagar Candida Medium 334

Cornmeal Agar 335

Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) 336

Fermentation Broth for Yeasts 336

Gelatin Medium 337

Inhibitory Mold Agar (IMA) 339

Loeffler Medium 339

Lysozyme Medium 340

Mycosel Agar 340

Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Flake Agar (PFA) 341

Rapid Assimilation of Trehalose (RAT) Broth 341

Rapid Sporulation Medium (RSM) 343

SABHI Agar 343

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) 344

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with 15% NaCl 345

Sabouraud Dextrose Broth 345

Starch Hydrolysis Agar 345

Trichophyton Agars 346

Tyrosine or Xanthine Agar 347

Urea Agar 348

Water Agar 348

Yeast Extract-Phosphate Agar with Ammonia 348.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 389-396) and index.

ISBN:

1555811728

OCLC:

48917908