Psychological and educational test scores : what are they? / by Marty Sapp.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sapp, Marty, 1958-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Psychological tests.

Educational tests and measurements.

Physical Description:

xiv, 189 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

Springfield, Ill. : Charles C. Thomas, [2002]

Contents:

1. Basic Statistics 3

Steps in Test Construction 3

Levels of Measurement 3

Frequency Distributions for Test Scores 4

Proportions and Percentages 6

Cumulative Percentages 8

Interpolation Example 9

Measures of Central Tendency 10

Using the TI-30xa to Calculate the Mean and Standard Deviation 11

Measures of Variability 11

Standard Scores 12

Calculating Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Variability Using SPSS and SAS Computer Packages 15

Correlations 16

Four Covariance Rules 17

Correlation Exercises 20

2. Theories of Psychological and Educational Test Scores 22

Classical True-Score Theory 22

Seven Assumptions of the True-Score Theory 23

Generalizability Theory 26

Sums of Squares for Individuals 28

SPSS Control Lines for Internal Consistency Reliability Analysis 31

Reliability Coefficients within Generalizability Theory 32

Item Response Theory (IRT) 33

3. Reliability 37

Reliability 37

Types of Reliability 38

Factors Affecting Coefficient Alpha and Other Forms of Reliability 44

Reliability of Differences Scores 46

Reliability of Speeded Tests 48

SPSS and Reliability: A Practical Example 48

4. Validity 62

Face Validity 62

Content Validity 63

Criterion Validity 64

Predictive Validity 64

Construct Validity 66

Exploratory Factor Analysis Using SPSS 68

SPSS Commands for Factor Analysis 76

Confirmatory Factor Analysis or Structural Equation Modeling Using EQS 79

Explanations of EQS Commands 82

Selected Output 82

EQS Commands 86

Selected Output 86

Standard Error of Estimate 92

Factors Affecting Criterion Validity 93

Decision Theory and Test Items' Validity 93

Nonequivalent Control Group Design 101

Meta-Analysis 102

5. Pulling it Together 109

Reliability/Validity of Test Scores 109

Factors that Can Affect Correlation, Reliability, and Validity Measures 110

6. Common Psychological and Educational Tests 112

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) 112

Basic Scales of the MMPI-2 113

Profile Invalidity 113

Clinical Scales 115

MMPI-2 Code types 116

Section Summary 120

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) 121

California Psychological Inventory (CPI) 121

Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) 122

The Strong Interest Inventories 123

Tests of Mental Ability 124

Wechsler Scales 124

Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale 127

Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery 128

Wide Range Achievement Test-3 (WRAT-3) 128

Group Ability Tests 129

American College Test (ACT) 129

Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) 130

Graduate Record Examination (GRE) 130

Miller Analogies Test (MAT) 131

Projective Techniques 131

The Rorschach Inkblot Test 131

The Holtzman Inkblot Technique 132

Thematic Apperception Test 132

Draw-A-Person Test (DAP) 133

Depression and Anxiety Assessments 133

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) 133

State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 134

State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) 134

Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI) 134

7. Interpreting Psychological and Educational Test Scores Within a Psychological Report 136

Sections of a Psychological Report 136

Psychological Report 1 137

Psychological Report 2 139

Psychological Report 3 141

Psychological Report 4 149

Psychological Report 5 155

Psychological Report 6 159

8. Psychological Test Score Terms 165

Objective Tests Versus Subjective Tests 165

Free Response Items Versus Recognition Items 165

Speed Tests Versus Power Tests 166

Dichotomous Items Versus Multipoint Items 166

Maximum Performance Tests Versus Typical Performance Tests 166

Normative Measures Versus Ipsative Measures 166

Forced-Choice Tests 166

Response Biases 167

Response Styles 167

Scaling Models 167

Probability, Monotonic 168

Deterministic, Monotonic 168

Probability, Nonmonotonic 168

Item Analysis 169.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 171-178) and indexes.

ISBN:

0398072582

0398072590

OCLC:

47838591