Introduction to solid-state lighting / Artūras Žakauskas, Michael S. Shur, Remis Gaska.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Žakauskas, Artūras.

Contributor:

Shur, Michael.

Gaska, Remis.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Light emitting diodes.

Lighting.

Physical Description:

xii, 207 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

New York : J. Wiley, 2002.

Summary:

A thorough reference that sheds light on the promising field of solid-state lighting Solid-state lighting is a rapidly emerging field. Light Emitting Diodes are already used in traffic signals, signage/contour lighting, large area displays, and automotive applications. But its greatest future lies in the possibility of applying solid-state lamps to general lighting. Solid-state lighting promises to reduce energy consumption as much as fifty percent, cut down on carbon-dioxide emission, and even spur the development of a completely new lighting industry. Giving this important emerging field the attention it deserves, Introduction to Solid-State Lighting comprehensively covers: * The history of lighting * The characterization of visible light * Conventional light sources * LED basics * Extraction of light from high-brightness LEDs * White LED * Applications of solid-state lamps

Contents:

1. Historical Introduction 1

2. Vision, Photometry, and Colorimetry 7

2.1. Human Vision 7

2.2. Photometry 9

2.3. Colorimetry 11

2.4. Color Rendering 15

3. Bulbs and Tubes 21

3.1. Incandescent Filament Lamps 21

3.2. Tungsten Halogen Lamps 23

3.3. Fluorescent Lamps 24

3.4. Low-Pressure Sodium Lamps 29

3.5. High-Pressure Discharge Lamps 30

3.5.1. Mercury Lamps 30

3.5.2. High-Pressure Sodium Discharge Lamps 32

3.5.3. Metal Halide Lamps 32

3.6. Electrodeless Discharge Lamps 33

3.7. Lighting Economy 34

4. Basics of All-Solid-State Lamps 37

4.1. Injection Luminescence 37

4.1.1. LED Performance 38

4.1.2. Recombination of Electrons and Holes 39

4.1.3. Injection in a p

n Junction LED 46

4.1.4. Heterostructures and Quantum Wells 48

4.2. Semiconductor Materials Systems for High-Brightness LEDs 55

4.2.1. Requirements 55

4.2.2. AlGaAs Materials System 57

4.2.3. AlGaInP Materials System 59

4.2.4. AlInGaN Materials System 61

4.2.5. Heterostructure Growth Techniques 66

4.3. Electroluminescence in High-Brightness LEDs 70

4.3.1. Electroluminescent Structures 70

4.3.2. Contacts and Current Spreading 75

4.3.3. Emissive and Electrical Characteristics 79

5. Light Extraction From LEDs 83

5.1. Basics of Light Extraction 84

5.1.1. Escape Cones 84

5.1.2. Distributed Bragg Reflectors 87

5.1.3. Absorption Losses and Photon Recycling 89

5.2. Photonics of Planar Rectangular High-Brightness LEDs 90

5.2.1. AlGaAs Red LEDs 90

5.2.2. AlGaInP LEDs 92

5.2.3. AlInGaN LEDs 95

5.3. Photon Outcoupling in Nonrectangular and Nonplanar Geometries 99

5.3.1. Shaped Chips 100

5.3.2. External Outcouplers 102

5.3.3. Nonresonant Cavity LEDs 104

5.4. Photon Density-of-States Engineering 105

5.4.1. Resonant Cavity LEDs 106

5.4.2. Surface Plasmon-Enhanced LEDs 110

5.4.3. Photonic Crystals 112

6. White Solid-State Lamps 117

6.1. Optimization of Artificial White Light 118

6.1.1. Trade-off between Luminous Efficacy and Color Rendering 118

6.1.2. Dichromatic Systems 119

6.1.3. Polychromatic Systems 121

6.2. Phosphor Conversion LEDs 122

6.2.1. Dichromatic Phosphor Conversion LEDs 122

6.2.2. Polychromatic Phosphor Conversion LEDs 126

6.3. Multichip LEDs 128

6.3.1. Dichromatic Multichip LEDs 129

6.3.2. Polychromatic Multichip LEDs 130

7. Applications of Solid-State Lamps 133

7.1. LED Driving Circuits 134

7.1.1. LED Strings 134

7.1.2. Battery-Powered LEDs 137

7.1.3. High-Power Pulsed Drive 137

7.2. Power Signals 138

7.2.1. Traffic Lights 139

7.2.2. Automotive Signage 141

7.2.3. Miscellaneous Signage 143

7.3. Displays 144

7.3.1. Alphanumeric Displays 144

7.3.2. Full-Color Video Displays 145

7.4. Medical Applications 148

7.4.1. Phototherapy of Neonatal Jaundice 148

7.4.2. Photodynamic Therapy 149

7.4.3. Photopolymerization of Dental Composites 150

7.4.4. Phototherapy of Seasonal Affective Disorder 151

7.5. Photosynthesis 152

7.5.1. Plant Growing 153

7.5.2. Photobioreactors 155

7.6. Optical Measurements 156

7.6.1. Fluorescence Sensors 156

7.6.2. Time-and Frequency-Domain Spectroscopy 159

7.6.3. Other Optical Applications 161

7.7. Illumination 162

7.7.1. Local Illumination 163

7.7.2. General Lighting 165

7.7.3. The Future of Solid-State Lighting 167.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-199) and index.

ISBN:

0471215740

OCLC:

49795805