Doctors and discoveries : lives that created today's medicine / John Galbraith Simmons.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Simmons, John, 1949-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Physicians--Biography.

Physicians.

Medical scientists--Biography.

Medical scientists.

Medicine--History.

Medicine.

History.

Genre:

Biographies.

Physical Description:

xx, 459 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Boston : Houghton Mifflin, [2002]

Summary:

Medicine Today boasts savvy doctors, powerful drugs, and immense knowledge about the human body. But not until the 19th century did medicine emerge as a science, and it was only in the 20th century that advances in clinical medicine began to keep pace with discoveries in the laboratory. Yet modern medicine's triumphs have led to still greater challenges, from killer epidemics to the specter of bioterrorism. This fascinating book tells the stories of the people whose inspirations and discoveries created Western medicine. Household names, from Louis Pasteur to Florence Nightingale, are profiled alongside colorful figures, such as Louise Bourgeois, 16th-century French midwife, and the wild and eccentric Russian biologist Elie Metchnikoff. Contemporary figures include Benjamin Spock, whose book on baby and child care raised a generation, and Bert Vogelstein, whose insights created a revolution in cancer research. The whole history of Western medicine comes alive through the trials, tribulations, failures, and triumphs of the 86 individuals found in this engaging volume.

Contents:

Introduction: A Human Dimension to the History of Medicine xiii

Part I Compass of Western Medicine

Biology and Medicine / Charles Darwin 3

The Scope of Modern Medicine: Cellular and Social / Rudolf Virchow 8

Medicine and Modern Experimental Physiology / Claude Bernard 14

The Germ Theory of Disease: Microbiology / Louis Pasteur 18

Foundations of Bacteriology / Robert Koch 24

Rational Medicine / Hippocrates 29

Western Medical Tradition / Galen 34

Part II The Principal Transformations

The Fabrica and the New Anatomy / Andreas Vesalius 41

Circulation of the Blood / William Harvey 45

A New Tradition in Medicine / Paracelsus 50

"His Anatomical Majesty" / Giovanni Morgagni 55

Doctrine of Tissues / Xavier Bichat 58

The Physician's New Gaze / Rene Laennec 62

The Rise of German Medicine / Johannes Muller 67

"A Science in the Making" / Francois Magendie 71

The Numerical Method / Pierre Louis 75

An "Integrated Approach" to Physiology / Carl Ludwig 80

Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Pathology / Jacob Henle 84

Modern Nursing / Florence Nightingale 88

Antisepsis and Modern Surgery / Joseph Lister 94

The Discovery of X Rays / Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen 100

The Chromosomes / Theodor Boveri 105

Discovering the Neurons / Santiago Ramon y Cajal 109

The "Transforming Principle": DNA / Oswald Avery 113

Part III Figures of Constant Reference

The Rise of Surgery / Ambroise Pare 119

Occupational Diseases and Environmental Hazards / Bernardino Ramazzini 123

A Poem About Syphilis, a Theory of Contagion / Girolamo Fracastoro 127

The "English Hippocrates" / Thomas Sydenham 132

Medicine in the Eighteenth Century / Hermann Boerhaave 136

Beginnings of Scientific Medicine and Surgery / John Hunter 140

Founder of Modern Dentistry / Pierre Fauchard 145

Treating the Insane / Philippe Pinel 148

Vaccination Against Smallpox / Edward Jenner 152

The Demonstration of Anesthesia / William Thomas Green Morton 157

Field Epidemiology Begins at the Broad Street Pump / John Snow 162

Tragic Insight into Childbed Fever / Ignaz Semmelweis 165

Surgery Comes of Age / Theodor Billroth 169

The Rise, Decline, and Persistence of Psychoanalysis / Sigmund Freud 173

Part IV Creating Modern Medicine

Modern Clinical Medicine / William Osler 181

Cellular Immunity / Elie Metchnikoff 186

Inventing Electrocardiography / Willem Einthoven 191

Humoral Immunity / Emil von Behring 195

Surgery, Science, and Man, the Unknown / Alexis Carrel 199

The Discovery of Insulin / Frederick Banting 205

The Wisdom of the Body / Walter B. Cannon 210

Genetic Disorders and Biochemical Individuality / Archibald Garrod 214

Basic Discoveries in Biochemistry / Otto Warburg 218

Educating Doctors / Abraham Flexner 222

Arrival of the Brain Surgeon / Harvey Cushing 227

Embryology and the "Organizer" / Hans Spemann 232

Discovering the First Neurotransmitter / Henry Dale 236

The Krebs Cycle / Hans Krebs 240

The Discovery of Penicillin / Howard Florey 245

Neurology: Mapping the Brain / Wilder Penfield 251

Microbes from the Soil / Selman Waksman 256

Cancer: A Viral Theory / Peyton Rous 261

Persuading Viruses to Multiply / John Franklin Enders 266

Inventing the Electron Microscope / Ernst Ruska 270

Spare Parts Medicine / Willem J. Kolff 275

A New Theory of the Immune System / Macfarlane Burnet 280

Part V Recent and Contemporary

Radioimmunoassay / Rosalyn Sussman Yalow 287

Raising Children in a Complicated World / Benjamin Spock 291

The Enzyme Hunter / Arthur Kornberg 296

A New Agent of Disease / Carleton Gajdusek 302

Smoking, Health, and Preventive Medicine / Ernst Wynder 307

Psychiatry: New Trends in Psychoanalysis / Melanie Klein 312

The Revolution in Diagnostic Imaging / Godfrey Hounsfield 317

Molecular Self and Nonself / Jean Dausset 321

The Rational Search for New Drugs / James Black 326

Molecular Biology Takes Command / Walter Gilbert 330

Advances in Neuroscience / Solomon Snyder 335

Sex Research and Therapy / William Masters 340

The Chemistry of Immunity and the Biology of Neurology / Gerald M. Edelman 345

Molecular Pathways to Cancer / Harold Varmus 351

Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Raymond Damadian 356

A Genetic Explanation for Cancer / Bert Vogelstein 361

The Contentious Discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Robert Gallo, Luc Montagnier 365

Part VI Omnium-Gatherum

Cicero of Medicine / Celsus 375

Prince of Physicians / Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 379

Persistence of the Midwife / Louise Bourgeois 383

The Progress of Homeopathy / Samuel Hahnemann 387

Chiropractic / Daniel David Palmer 392

"A Sure Cure..." / Lydia Pinkham 396

The Microbe Hunters / Paul de Kruif 401

Founding the Red Cross / Henri Dunant 405

Envoy 411.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [437]-450) and index.

ISBN:

0618152768

OCLC:

48649291