Ethics in counseling and psychotherapy : standards, research, and emerging issues / Elizabeth Reynolds Welfel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Welfel, Elizabeth Reynolds, 1949-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Counseling--Moral and ethical aspects.

Counseling.

Psychotherapy--Moral and ethical aspects.

Psychotherapy.

Physical Description:

xx, 443 pages ; 24 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Pacific Grove, CA : Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, [2002]

Summary:

This book's philosophy is to equip students with the resources they need to deal effectively with the complex ethical and legal issues they will confront in practice. The author does this effectively by providing material that expands the students learning beyond the content of the professional codes of ethics to include knowledge of the more important scholarly writings in the field and by examining emerging ethical issues. The cases and discussion included in the book address very difficult ethics cases and show a ten-step model for analyzing those cases.

Contents:

Part 1 A Framework for Understanding Professional Ethical Standards 1

1 Introduction to Professional Ethics: A Psychology and Philosophy for Ethical Standards 3

Literature from Developmental Psychology 4

Components of Moral Behavior 5

Codes of Ethics 8

Literature from Philosophy 12

Research on Professional Ethics 13

The Scope of Unethical Practice 14

The Impact of Unethical Practice 17

Ethics and the Law 18

2 A Model for Ethical Decision Making: Using Resources to Enhance Individual Judgment 21

Forms of Ethical Reasoning 21

A Model for Ethical Decision Making 23

Part 2 Major Ethical Issues for Counselors 45

3 Competence to Practice: Building a Foundation for Doing Good and Avoiding Harm 47

Components of Professional Competence 47

Professional Standards for Practice 50

The Relationship Between Competence and Professional Credentials 51

Challenges in Defining the Limits of Competence 53

Distress, Burnout, and Impairment Among Professionals 59

Legal Ramifications of Incompetent Practice 63

4 Confidentiality: Supporting the Client's Right to Privacy 67

Ethical Principles Underlying Confidentiality 69

Codes of Ethics 70

Confidentiality and Communication with Other Mental Health Professionals 71

Confidentiality and Communication Within the Counselor's Family 72

Confidentiality and Privileged Communication 74

The Limits of Confidentiality 75

Confidentiality with Special Populations 89

Emerging Challenges to Confidentiality: Managed Care and Technology 93

Case for Analysis Using the 10-Step Model 97

5 Informed Consent: Affirming the Client's Freedom of Choice 105

The History of Informed Consent 106

Underlying Ethical Principles 107

Codes of Ethics 108

Approaches to Informed Consent 111

The Interplay of Ethical and Clinical Considerations 115

Applications to Special Populations 117

Research Findings 120

6 Sexual Misconduct: Violations of Power and Trust 124

Rationale for the Prohibition 125

Factors That Increase Client Vulnerability to Exploitation 125

Effects on the Counselor 130

Effects on the Reputation of the Profession 131

Research on the Scope of the Problem 132

Sexual Contact with Former Clients: A Controversial Issue 133

Sexual Contact in Educational, Consultation, and Employment Settings 139

Distinguishing Between Sexual Feelings and Sexual Misconduct 142

The Place of Nonerotic Touch in This Context 144

Providing Effective Subsequent Therapy for Victims 147

Cases Reexamined 148

7 Nonsexual Dual Relationships and Boundary Issues: Risking Objectivity and Client Welfare 153

Underlying Dynamics in Dual Relationships 159

The Views of Ethics Scholars 162

Questions to Consider in Decision Making 163

Research Findings: Practitioners' Views 165

Accepting Gifts from Clients 166

Dual Relationships and Rural Practice 168

The Ethics of Barter 172

8 Group and Family Counseling: Unique Ethical Responsibilities 179

Group Counseling and Psychotherapy 180

Competence and Group Counseling 181

Informed Consent in Group Counseling 183

Confidentiality and Privilege in Group Counseling 184

The Ethics of Dual Relationships in Group Counseling 187

The Ethics of Concurrent Individual and Group Counseling 187

The Ethics of Involuntary Group Participation 188

Ethical Issues in Multicultural Groups 189

Family and Couples Counseling 189

Case Illustrations of Special Issues 190

Legal Issues in Family Counseling 199

9 The Ethics of Assessment: Using Fair Procedures in Responsible Ways 203

The Ethics of Diagnosis 204

A Rationale for Emphasizing Ethics in Diagnosis 204

Professional Ethical Standards for Diagnosis 209

The Ethics of Testing 209

Multicultural Issues in Testing 223

Tests in Employment Settings 225

Laws That Affect Testing 226

Cases for Analysis 226

Analysis of the Cases 227

10 Ethical Counseling in a Multicultural Society: The Promise of Justice 231

The Language of Multicultural Counseling 232

The Context of the Current Ethical Standards 233

The Codes of Ethics on Multicultural Counseling 234

A Critique of the Current Ethics Codes 237

Cautions About a Multicultural Perspective 238

Cases for Analysis 239

Analysis of the Cases 241

Multicultural Counseling Competencies 242

Part 3 Responsible Practice in Special Settings 247

11 Ethics in Community, Consulting, and Forensic Settings: Avoiding Conflicts of Interest 249

Responsibilities to Clients 249

Responsibilities to Colleagues 263

Responsibilities to Third Parties 266

The Ethics of Consultation and Coaching 272

The Ethics of Forensic Activities 276

12 The Counselor in the Schools: Applying Professional Standards to the Educational Culture 283

Clash of Cultures: Open Versus Closed Communication Systems 283

Privilege for School counselors 288

Parental and Community Values That Diverge from Professional Values 289

The Ethics of Peer Helping Programs 291

Legal Issues for School Counselors: State and Federal Statutes 293

Liability for School Counselors: An Emerging Reality 295

Liability for Student Suicides 295

Ethical and Legal Dimensions of School Violence 297

13 The Ethics of Supervision: Modeling Responsible Behavior 302

Competence to Supervise 304

Responsible Use of Supervisory Power 305

Responsibilities for Client Welfare 313

Dual-Relationship Issues 315

Legal Aspects of Supervision 318

14 Counselors as Teachers and Researchers: Integrity, Science, and Care 324

The Ethics of Teaching 324

An Ethics of Care 336

Obligations to Colleagues 336

The Ethics of Research 337

Special Ethical Concerns for Counseling and Therapy Researchers 343

Part 4 When Prevention Fails: Ethical Responses to Unethical Behavior 347

15 Responsibilities for Self and Colleagues: Reporting, Recovery, and Rehabilitation of Misconduct 349

Accountability of Counselors and Therapists 350

Procedures for Filing Ethics Complaints 350

Self-Monitoring: Taking Responsibility in the Absence of a Complaint 359

Assessing and Responding to the Damage 361

Rehabilitating the Counselor 362

Compassion and Empathy 363

Appendix A American Counseling Association, Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice 391

Appendix B American Psychological Association, Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct 410

Appendix C National Board for Certified Counselors, Standards for the Ethical Practice of WebCounseling (1997) 427

Appendix D Sources of Specialized Ethics Codes and Guidelines in Mental Health Disciplines 429.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 367-390) and indexes.

ISBN:

0534367526

OCLC:

46685402