Economic change, governance and natural resource wealth : the political economy of change in southern Africa / by David Reed.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Reed, David, 1948-

Contributor:

World Wildlife Fund (U.S.)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Natural resources--Africa, Southern--Management.

Natural resources.

Southern Africa.

Management.

Africa, Southern--Economic conditions.

Africa, Southern.

Economic conditions.

Physical Description:

xx, 168 pages : maps ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

London ; Sterling, VA : Earthscan, 2001.

Summary:

This volume analyzes the ways in which natural resource wealth has shaped authoritarian political regimes and statist economic systems in the countries of southern Africa in the post-colonial period. It consists of five essays. The first sets out the historical framework and emergence of natural resources as the crucial driver of economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Three essays, drawing on in-country research, focus on Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. They show how this explains the economic evolution of those countries - in particular, the impacts of economic and institutional changes on the bulk of the population, the rural poor. The final essay explores the nature of the changes and their neoliberal economic context, and the ways in which their harmful consequences might be relieved.

Contents:

Origins 3

From Analysis to Advocacy 5

A Broadened Perspective 7

The analytical approach 9

Limitations 10

Chapter 1 The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth 11

Natural Resource Wealth 12

The scramble for Africa 13

Initial returns 15

The World Wars and between 17

Towards decolonization 19

Economic Foundations of Authoritarianism 20

Rent-seeking state capitalism 21

Monopoly production 21

Smallholder commodity production 22

Large-scale commercial agriculture 22

Authoritarian Regimes in Southern Africa 23

(Un)Intended Political Impacts of Structural Adjustment 26

Resistance 28

Enter the technocrats 29

Good governance 30

Natural Resource Wealth: Old Challenges in the New Millennium 32

Continued dependence on natural resource wealth 33

Terms of trade and market fluctuations 34

Natural resource wealth and rent seeking 36

Challenges for civil society 38

Chapter 2 Tanzania 41

The Imperatives of Change 43

Agrarian socialism and authoritarianism 43

Structural Change and Natural Resource Sectors 47

Overcoming resistance 47

Restructuring the agricultural sector 49

Opening the mining sector 51

Expanding tourism 55

The Economic Impact of the Structural Reforms on Mining and Tourism 58

The Promise of Continuing Change 61

Benefits and beneficiaries 61

Costs and their distribution 63

The political realm 64

A tentative balance sheet 66

Chapter 3 Zambia 69

Constructing the Authoritarian Regime 71

Economic and resource policy under Kaund and UNIP 71

The Imperative to Adjust 74

Collapse of the copper economy 74

The reform package 77

Institutional Reforms for Rural Communities 79

Structural dualism 79

UNIP's institutional grip 81

The MMD's turn 83

Impact of reforms on deep rural areas 84

Opportunities and growing conflicts 88

Dismantling Dualism: To Whose Benefit? 90

Towards a new authoritarianism? 92

A tentative balance sheet 93

Chapter 4 Zimbabwe 97

The Foundations of Conflict 99

Settler colonialism 99

Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) 102

Independence 103

Economic Reforms 106

The need to reform 106

Impact of structural reforms on tourism 109

Three local experiences 110

Under adjustment's shadow 113

Political manipulation of the land question 116

Towards Resolution or Protracted Conflict? 118

Chapter 5 Natural Resource Wealth in the Construction of Neoliberal Economies in Southern Africa 123

What Groups or Economic Agents Have Gained or Lost Control over Natural Resources in the Context of Economic Reforms? 126

From the state to private economic agents 126

Transfer of traditionally managed resources to private control 127

Transfer among private owners 128

Through What Processes, Policies and Relations Have These Groups Acquired or Lost Control over Natural Resources? 128

Establishing the neoliberal policy context 128

Providing guarantees and incentives 129

Institutional reforms 130

Corruption and collusion 132

Coercion 133

Will Those Changes Promote Sustainable Development Paths by Promoting Environmental Sustainability, Enhancing Social Equity and Increasing Governments' Public Accountability? 134

Environmental sustainability 134

Enhancing social equity 136

Political accountability and transparency 137

Pursuing Reforms without a National Consensus 138

Misplaced policies 138

Misplaced priorities 139

Missing factor in the development equation 141

By Way of Recommendations 143

The Bretton Woods institutions 143

Strengthening the role of civil society 145

Guiding principles: natural resource wealth and the rural poor 146.

Notes:

"WWF."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1853838772

1853838721

OCLC:

47718104