Lateral DNA transfer : mechanisms and consequences / Frederic Bushman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bushman, Frederic.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Mobile genetic elements.

Transposons.

Transfection.

Interspersed Repetitive Sequences.

DNA Transposable Elements.

Medical Subjects:

Interspersed Repetitive Sequences.

DNA Transposable Elements.

Transfection.

Physical Description:

xiv, 448 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, [2002]

Summary:

The fluidity of an organism's DNA is underappreciated. Surprisingly often, DNA is transferred from one organism to another, to become stably incorporated and permanently change the recipient's genetic composition. This process is called "lateral" or "horizontal" transfer, in contrast with the "vertical" inheritance of genes by parental descent. This is a book about how lateral transfer occurs, the extent to which it happens, and its implications for our understanding of biology. Whole genome sequencing has begun to reveal an extensive role for lateral DNA transfer in genome evolution. The molecular machinery used to transfer DNA is coming into focus and the transfer process is now known to be at work in the emergence of new infections that threaten human populations. Lateral DNA Transfer: Mechanisms and Consequences is a readable synthesis that will intrigue and educate biologists in many fields, from students to established investigators.

Contents:

The Machinery of Lateral DNA Transfer 6

Mobile DNA and Evolution 12

2 DNA and Lateral Transfer 15

The Structure of DNA 16

A Brief Overview of Molecular Biology 18

3 Conjugation, Transposition, and Antibiotic Resistance 27

Antibiotic-resistant Infections 28

The Antibiotic Era 29

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action 31

Types and Origin of Antibiotic Resistance 35

The Spread of Resistance Genes 36

Microbial Ecology and Antibiotic Resistance 66

4 Phage Transduction and Bacterial Pathogenesis 73

Transduction and Bacterial Pathogenesis 74

Phage [lambda] Replication 75

[lambda] Site-specific Recombinations 80

Phage Mu 86

Exchange of DNA Sequences among Phage 97

Generalized Transduction 101

Specialized Transduction 103

Transporting Genes for Bacterial Pathogenesis by Phage Infection 105

Pathogenic E. coli and the Discovery of Pathogenicity Islands 108

Scarlet Fever, Toxic Shock-like Syndrome, and Streptococcus pyogenes Phage T12 111

Phages Transporting Pathogenicity Islands: Vibrio Cholerae 114

Staphylococcus aureus and Toxic Shock: A Pathogenicity Island as a Satellite Phage 117

Other Means of Mobilizing Pathogenic Determinants 119

Pathogenicity Islands and Pathogen Evolution 120

Gene Transfer Agents 121

5 Microbial Genomes and DNA Exchange 129

Mobile DNA and the E. coli K-12 Sequence 131

Rates of Lateral DNA Transfer Inferred from the E. coli K-12 Genome 133

The Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O 157:H7 Sequence 138

E. coli Diversity Studied with DNA Chips 139

Lateral DNA Transfer and the Microbial Genome Sequences 140

Lateral Transfer in Archaea 142

Operon Structure and Lateral DNA Transfer 142

Gene Transfer between Bacteria in the Environment 146

Can Microbial Organisms Be Divided into Species? 153

6 Gene Transfer by Retroviruses 169

Mobile DNA in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 169

Retroviral Structure 172

Retroviral Genomes 174

Retroviral Phylogeny 177

Retroviral Cell Binding and Entry 178

Retroviral Reverse Transcription 181

Retroviral Integration 185

Retroviral Transcription 189

Retroviral Translation, Assembly, and Budding 190

Retroviral Transduction and Cancer 194

Insertional Activation of Oncogenes 197

Gene Inactivation by Retroviral Integration 201

Endogenous Retroviruses 203

Retroviral Sequences Incorporated in Host Cell Genes 206

7 Lateral DNA Transfer and the AIDS Epidemic 213

The AIDS Epidemic 214

Transmission of HIV 216

Disease Course 216

HIV Infection at the Molecular Level 218

Control of the HIV Life Cycle 223

The Puzzling Lack of Endogenous Lentiviruses 223

The Origin of the HIV Epidemic 223

Therapy of HIV 226

Reversing Evasion by Integration 232

8 Genes Floating on a Sea of Retrotransposons 239

Introduction to Retroelements and Their Relatives 240

Lateral Transfer of Retrotransposons 243

LTR Retrotransposons 245

The Non-LTR Retrotransposons 250

Mobile Introns 255

Processed Pseudogenes, SINEs, and "Retro-genes," 265

9 The DNA Transposons of Eukaryotes: Mariners Sailing to Survive? 273

Families of Eukaryotic Transposons 276

Transposition of Tc1/mariner Elements 276

P-element Transposition 283

Hobo, Ac, and Tam: The hAT Family 287

The foldback Family 292

Lateral Transfer to Avoid Extinction? 294

DNA Transposons and Genome Structure 297

10 Lateral Transfer in Eukaryotic Genomes: Fluidity in the Human Blueprint 303

Yeast 305

The Worm Caenorhabditis elegans 308

Drosophila melanogaster 310

Humans 316

Mouse 324

The Mustard Plant Arabidopsis thaliana 326

Mobile Element Content in Eukaryotic Genomes 331

11 A Iransposon Progenitor of the Vertebrate Immune System 339

Overview of the Adaptive Immune System 340

Covalent Rearrangement of the Genes for the Antigen Receptors 344

DNA Signals Mediating VDJ Recombination 346

Recombination Activating Genes 347

The VDJ Recombination Pathway 348

Generating the Full Complement of Antigen-binding Proteins 349

Parallels between VDJ Recombination and Transposition 350

The Pathogen Side: DNA Rearrangements to Evade the Immune System 353

12 DNA Transfer Among the Domains of Life 365

DNA Transfer from Agrobacterium to Plants 366

Conjugative Transfer between Domains of Life 374

Transfer of DNA to Animal Cells by Intracellular Bacteria 375

Gene Exchanges between Bacteria and Archaea 375

Gene Transfer from Bacteria to Eukaryotes via Endosymbionts 376

Gene Transfer by Eating DNA? 382

13 Controlling Mobile Element Activity 387

Prokaryotic Strategies for Controlling DNA Transfer 388

Eukaryotic Strategies for Controlling DNA Transfer 392

Mobile Element-encoded Mechanisms for Controlling DNA Transfer 405

14 Lateral DNA Transfer: Themes and Evolutionary Implications 417

Lateral DNA Transfer: Themes and Generalizations 417

Lateral Transfer and Evolution: Introns, Sex, and the Early Evolution of Life 426

The Impact of Lateral DNA Transfer: Looking Forward 431.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0879696036

0879696214

OCLC:

47283049