Bacterial pathogenesis : a molecular approach / Abigail A. Salyers and Dixie D. Whitt.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Salyers, Abigail A.

Contributor:

Whitt, Dixie D.

Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

Anne and Joseph Trachtman Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Bacteria diseases--Pathogenesis.

Bacteria diseases.

Molecular microbiology.

Bacteria--pathogenicity.

Bacterial Infections--etiology.

Bacterial Infections--prevention & control.

Host-Parasite Interactions.

Virulence.

Medical Subjects:

Bacteria--pathogenicity.

Bacterial Infections--etiology.

Bacterial Infections--prevention & control.

Host-Parasite Interactions.

Virulence.

Physical Description:

xx, 539 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 28 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : ASM Press, [2002]

Contents:

Chapter 1 The Uneasy Truce: Never Underestimate the Power of Bacteria 3

Why Bacteria Are Once Again in the Public Health Spotlight 3

Ancient History Takes a Toll on Today's Human Health 4

Pressing Current Issues 5

New Solutions, New Hope 14

And Now for the Really Good News

You've Got a Bacterial Infection 15

Chapter 2 Approaching and Studying Bacterial Diseases 19

Microbes and Disease 19

Measuring Infectivity and Virulence 24

Chapter 3 Molecular Approaches to the Diagnosis and Characterization of Bacterial Infections 34

Seeking Insights into Virulence 34

Molecular Microbe Hunting 36

Identifying Virulence Factors Experimentally 42

Chapter 4 The First Line of Defense against Infection: Prevention and the Phagocytic Cell Response 53

An Ounce of Prevention 53

Nonspecific and Specific Defenses 54

Epithelia 57

Defenses of Skin 57

Defenses of Mucosal Surfaces 60

Phagocytes and Nonspecific Cytotoxic Cells: Defenders of Blood and Tissue 60

Chapter 5 The First Line of Defense, Continued: Complement, Chemokines, and Cytokines 69

Characteristics and Roles of Complement 69

Steps in Complement Activation 71

Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Directing the Phagocyte Response 72

Other Activities of Cytokines 76

Stress and Resistance to Disease: Connections between the Nervous System and the Immune System 77

The Dark Side of the Nonspecific Defenses: Septic Shock 77

Chapter 6 The Second Line of Defense: Antibodies and Cytotoxic T Cells 84

Antibodies 84

Cytotoxic T Cells 88

Production of Activated Cytotoxic T Cells and Antibodies 88

Mucosal Immunity 93

Development of the Specific Response System from Infancy to Adulthood 95

The Dark Side of the Specific Defenses

Autoimmune Disease 95

Chapter 7 Vaccination

an Underappreciated Component of the Modern Medical Armamentarium 101

Vaccines

a Major Health Care Bargain 101

A New Form of Child Abuse (as if We Needed One) 103

The Success Stories 105

The Less-than-Success Stories 108

New Directions 111

Passive Immunization 112

Chapter 8 Bacterial Strategies for Evading or Surviving the Defense Systems of the Human Body 115

Overview of Bacterial Defense Strategies 115

Colonization and Invasion of Host Surfaces 116

Evading Complement, Phagocytes, and the Antibody Response 123

Chapter 9 Bacterial Exotoxins: Important but Still a Mystery 131

Exotoxins, Toxic Proteins Produced by Bacteria 131

Examples of Diseases Caused by Toxins 138

Chapter 10 Antimicrobial Compounds 150

Antimicrobial Compounds: the Safety Net of Modern Medicine 150

Antiseptics and Disinfectants 151

Antibiotics 152

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action 156

The Continuing Challenge 163

Chapter 11 How Bacteria Become Resistant to Antibiotics 168

The Dawning of Awareness 168

Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance 170

Antibiotic Tolerance 177

Transfer of Resistance Genes 177

Will We Return to the Preantibiotic Era? 180

Part II Specific Bacterial Pathogens 185

Chapter 12 The Spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum 187

Lyme Disease 188

Features of B. burgdorferi 188

The Borrelia Genome Sequence

Some Clues but Still Many Mysteries 190

The Tick-Mammal Cycle 192

Response of B. burgdorferi to Its Arthropod and Mammalian Hosts 192

Studying Virulence Factors of B. burgdorferi 195

Diagnosis and Prevention of Lyme Disease 195

Syphilis and Lyme Disease: Two Spirochetal Diseases with a Similar Pathology but a Different Ecology 197

Taking Stock 198

Chapter 13 Yersinia pestis, the Cause of Plague, and Its Relatives 202

The Rich and Terrible History of Yersinia pestis 202

Virulence Factors of Y. pestis, Y. enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis 208

Future Directions 213

Chapter 14 Staphylococcus Species 216

The Many Types of Staphylococcal Infections 216

Characteristics of Staphylococci 219

Virulence Factors of S. aureus 220

Virulence Factors of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci 227

Future Directions 228

Chapter 15 Group A and Group B Streptococci and Enterococci 232

A Closer Look at Diseases Caused by Streptococci 233

Group B Streptococci and Enterococci

Emerging Human Pathogens 236

Virulence Factors 237

Chapter 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Related Species, a Lesson in Versatility 247

A Consummate Opportunist 247

Characteristics of P. aeruginosa 248

Types of Infections 249

Virulence Factors 251

Future Directions 260

Chapter 17 Bordetella pertussis 263

Whooping Cough 263

Virulence Factors 264

Regulation of Virulence Genes 270

Prevention and Treatment 272

Chapter 18 Streptococcus pneumoniae 276

Pneumococcal Disease 276

Virulence Factors of S. pneumoniae 279

Prevention and Treatment 285

Chapter 19 Tuberculosis 291

A Disease of the Past Returns To Haunt the Future 291

Spread and Progression of Tuberculosis 293

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Unusual Cell Wall

a Case of Fat Making for Lean and Mean 298

Treatment of TB and the Challenge Posed by Drug-Resistant Strains 298

Diagnosis of TB 302

Virulence Factors 303

Immunity to TB 306

Chapter 20 Legionella pneumophila and Legionnaires' Disease 311

The Dark Side of Modern Comforts: Air-Conditioning Turns Ugly 311

Legionnaires' Disease 312

The Natural Host?

a Free-Living Macrophage Equivalent 312

Virulence Factors 313

Prevention and Treatment 318

Legionella as a Paradigm for Intracellular Pathogens 318

Chapter 21 Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae 322

Lifestyles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae 322

Characteristics of Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Species 325

Virulence Factors 327

Chapter 22 Bacillus anthracis, the Cause of Anthrax 332

Features of the Disease 332

Virulence Factors 333

Prevention of Anthrax 335

Chapter 23 Helicobacter pylori, a Resourceful Gastric Pathogen 339

A Revolution in Gastroenterology 339

Characteristics of H. pylori 342

Virulence Factors 343

Prevention and Treatment 346

H. pylori Mysteries 349

Chapter 24 Clostridium difficile and Pseudomembranous Colitis 352

Pseudomembranous Colitis

a Disease Caused by Antibiotics 352

Characteristics of C. difficile 353

Development and Ecology of the Disease 353

Virulence Factors 355

Prevention and Treatment 359

Chapter 25 Vibrio cholerae, the Cause of Cholera 363

Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Cholera 363

Virulence Factors 366

Transcriptional Regulation of Virulence Genes 375

Prevention and Treatment 376

Future Directions 377

Chapter 26 Salmonella Species 381

Salmonella Species and Serogroups 381

Diseases Caused by Salmonella Species 382

Virulence Factors 384

Prevention and Treatment 392

Future Directions 394

Chapter 27 Listeria monocytogenes, a Doubly Motile Pathogen 398

Listeriosis 398

Virulence Factors 400

Organization and Regulation of Virulence Genes 404

Prevention and Treatment 404

Chapter 28 Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Strains 407

Different Types of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Strains 407

Classification of Pathogenic E. coli Strains 408

Virulence Factors 411

Prevention and Treatment 416

Chapter 29 Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Infections 422

Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infections 422

Virulence Factors of E. coli Strains That Cause Urinary Tract Infections 424

Meningitis and Other Disseminated Infections 432

Prevention and Treatment 433

Chapter 30 Neisseria Species 437

The Two Pathogenic Neisseria Species 437

Gonorrhea 438

Meningococcal Meningitis 440

Virulence Factors 441

Prevention and Treatment 447

Chapter 31 Chlamydia trachomatis 452

The Hidden Epidemic 452

C.

trachomatis

a Lot of Pathogenic Potential in a Very Small Package 454

Virulence Factors 456

Prevention and Treatment 458

Appendix 1 Overview of Bacterial Secretion Systems, Bacterial Adhesins and Their Mechanisms of Assembly, and Major Bacterial Toxins 461

A. Secretion Systems of Bacteria 461

B. Adhesins and Mechanisms of Assembly 462

C. Major Bacterial Toxins 464.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Anne and Joseph Trachtman Memorial Book Fund.

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Clarence J. Marshall Memorial Library Fund.

ISBN:

155581171X

OCLC:

47838967