Foundations of respiratory care / Kenneth A. Wyka, Paul J. Mathews, William F. Clark.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Wyka, Kenneth A.

Contributor:

Mathews, Paul Joseph.

Clark, William F., 1948-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Respiratory therapy.

Respiratory Therapy.

Natural Science Disciplines.

Medical Subjects:

Respiratory Therapy.

Natural Science Disciplines.

Physical Description:

xxii, 1032 pages : illustrations ; 29 cm

Place of Publication:

Albany, NY : Delmar/Thomson Learning, [2002]

Summary:

This comprehensive book for respiratory therapists covers all key aspects of respiratory care. Its careful organization and concise, clear language make the subject matter easy to understand. Topics are reinforced with logical and intuitive learning aids such as "Best Practices," spotlights on new therapy or equipment, patient case studies, and references to AARC clinical practice guidelines. You'll also find important sections such as geriatric care and applied sciences that are not covered in other books. A fine complement of photographs, tables, and figures illustrates key points and improves comprehension. (respiratory therapy, RC, RT, RTT)

Contents:

Section I Scope of Practice 1

Chapter 1 The History and Scope of Respiratory Care 3

Scope of a Profession 4

Respiratory Care as a Profession 5

History 5

The Organizing of the Profession 9

Effects of Governmental Programs 14

Respiratory Care in the Twenty-first Century 15

Chapter 2 Legal and Ethical Practice 19

Professional Obligations 20

Legal Aspects of Respiratory Care Practice 21

The Foundations of U.S. Law 21

The Duty of Ethical Practice 27

Basic Principles of Health Care Ethics 28

Basic Decision-Making Models 32

The Decision-Making Process 36

Section II The Applied Sciences 41

Chapter 3 Applied Physics 43

Measurements and Nomenclature 44

Mathematical Operations 47

Physics 48

Mechanics 49

States of Matter 52

Mass, Weight, and Density 55

Basic Electrical Theory 56

Light 58

Fluid Physics 58

Gas Laws 61

Surface Tension 67

Thermodynamics 68

Chapter 4 Applied Chemistry 71

Review of Atoms and Molecules 72

Acids, Bases, and Buffers 74

How Acids, Bases, and Buffers Affect Respiration 78

Disturbance of Acid-Base Balance 79

Chapter 5 Applied Microbiology 87

Classification of Microorganisms 88

Staining Methods 89

Specimen Collection 90

Culturing 90

Human-Microbe Interactions 91

Human Defense Mechanisms 91

Control of Microbial Growth 93

Sterilization and Disinfection 93

Antimicrobials 96

Microbial Pathogenicity 97

Epidemiology 99

Important Respiratory Pathogens 99

Chapter 6 Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology 103

Upper Airway: The Nose, Oral Cavity, and Pharynx 105

Lower Airways 108

Bronchial Cross-Sectional Area and Bronchial Blood Supply 114

The Lungs 117

Ventilation 122

Static Characteristics of the Lungs 123

Dynamic Characteristics of the Lungs 125

Ventilatory Patterns 127

Pulmonary Function Measurements 130

Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases 130

Cardiovascular System 134

Hemodynamic Measurements 140

Oxygen Transport 140

Pulmonary Shunting and Venous Admixture 144

Tissue Hypoxia 144

Cyanosis and Polycythemia 144

Carbon Dioxide 144

Acid-Base Balance 146

The Renal System and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System 148

Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships 149

Control of Ventilation 150

Cardiopulmonary Physiology of the Fetus and the Newborn 152

Effects of Aging on the Cardiopulmonary System 154

Effects of Exercise and of High-Altitude and High-Pressure Environments on the Cardiopulmonary System 155

Chapter 7 Cardiopulmonary Pathology 159

Pulmonary Infections 160

Pleural Disorders 176

Lung Cancer 180

Airflow Limitation Diseases 185

Diffuse Lung Diseases 200

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 208

Chapter 8 Cardiopulmonary Pharmacology 219

Principles of Pharmacology 220

Drug Calculations 221

Bronchodilators 223

Anti-Asthmatic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 227

Wetting Agents and Mucolytics 229

Aerosol Antimicrobial Therapy 231

Surface Active Aerosols 232

Assessing the Effectiveness of Aerosol Medications 234

Conscious Sedation 235

Anesthesia Drugs 235

Advanced Cardiac Life Support Pharmacology 235

Section III Essential Diagnostics 243

Chapter 9 Comprehensive History, Assessment, and Documentation 245

Patient History: The Interview 246

Assessment 255

Documentation and the Medical Record 276

Chapter 10 Radiology for the Respiratory Therapist 287

Why Should a Respiratory Therapist Learn Radiology? 288

How Can This Knowledge Be Gained? 288

Types of Radiological Studies 289

How to Interpret Studies 298

Device Positioning 306

Chest Trauma 308

Chapter 11 Clinical Laboratory Studies 315

Body Fluids and Electrolytes 316

Laboratory Methods for Determining Electrolytes 320

Laboratory Methods for Determining Arterial Blood pH, Carbon Dioxide Pressure, and Oxygen Pressure 321

Laboratory Methods for Analyzing Carbon Dioxide and Chloride 322

Laboratory Findings in Acid-Base Disturbance 323

Statistical Quality Control 325

Chapter 12 Arterial Blood Gases and Noninvasive Monitoring of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 333

Blood Gases 335

Acid-Base Balance 336

Measurement of ABG and Acid-Base Results 337

Oxygen Saturation 338

Homeostasis 339

Obtaining Blood Samples for Analysis 340

Blood Gas Analyzer Electrodes 344

Noninvasive Methods 344

Normal Values 348

Deviations from Normal 349

Analysis Techniques 356

Role of Hemoglobin and Its Variants in ABG Analysis 363

Other Factors that Affect ABG Results 363

Quality Control, Quality Assurance, and Performance Improvement 367

Interpreting Blood Gas Analysis Results 369

Chapter 13 Pulmonary Function Testing 375

Purposes of Pulmonary Function Testing 376

Normal or Predicted Values 377

Lung Volumes 377

Bedside Assessment 378

Laboratory Assessment 383

Spirometers 395

Body Plethysmograph 397

Calibration 397

Quality Assurance 397

Infection Control 398

Age-Related Considerations 398

Chapter 14 Polysomnography and Other Tests for Sleep Disorders 401

Normal Sleep 402

Sleep Disorders 404

The Polysomnogram 405

The Polysomnographic Recording 407

Recording and Monitoring During the Night 408

Scoring 409

Nasal Continuous Positive Pressure Therapy 412

Measuring Daytime Sleepiness 415

Chapter 15 Cardiac and Hemodynamic Monitoring 419

The Cardiac Cycle 420

Cardiac Leads 422

Continuous ECG Monitoring 426

Special Diagnostic Monitoring 426

The ECG: Waveforms and Intervals 427

Determination of Heart Rate 431

Steps in Dysrhythmia Recognition 431

Causes of Cardiac Dysrhythmias 432

Types of Cardiac Dysrhythmia 432

Pulseless Electrical Activity 450

Hemodynamic Evaluation 450

Section IV Essential Therapeutics 465

Chapter 16 Oxygen and Medical Gas Therapy 467

Physical Characteristics of Medical Gases 468

Production and Regulation of Medical Gases 469

Storage and Distribution of Medical Gases 471

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Uses of Oxygen 480

Therapeutic Use of Gas Mixtures 501

Chapter 17 Humidity and Aerosol Therapy 507

Concepts of Humidity 508

Physiological Mechanisms of Airway Humidification 510

Concepts of Aerosols 512

Therapeutic Use of Humidifying Devices 514

General Principles of Humidifying Devices 516

Therapeutic Use of Aerosol-Generating Devices 521

General Principles of Aerosol-Generating Devices 523

Chapter 18 Hyperinflation Therapy 535

Key Definitions, Concepts, and Professional Standards 536

Historical Perspectives 537

Hyperinflation Therapy 538

Deep Breathing Techniques 538

Incentive Spirometry 539

Positive Airway Pressure 541

Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing 543

Outcomes Assessment 545

Chapter 19 Pulmonary Hygiene and Chest Physical Therapy 549

Key Definitions, Concepts, and Professional Standards 550

Goals and Objectives of Pulmonary Hygiene and Chest Physical Therapy 550

Normal Mucociliary Clearance 550

Diseases and Conditions Associated with Abnormal Mucous Clearance 551

Assessment of Pulmonary Hygiene 552

Improving Pulmonary Hygiene 552

Chest Physical Therapy 553

Chapter 20 Airway Management 567

Airway Management 568

Chapter 21 Invasive Mechanical Ventilation 587

The Basics of Mechanical Ventilation 588

Work of Breathing 592

Classification of Mechanical Ventilators 592

Ventilator Layout 603

Humidification of Mechanical Ventilation 604

Goals and Limitations of PPV 605

Indications for Mechanical Ventilation 605

Complications 606

Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation 608

Patient Monitoring 611

Ventilator Management 614

Ventilator Discontinuance 617

Ventilators 619

Chapter 22 Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation 629

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation 630

Long-Term Use 642

Negative Pressure Ventilation 643

Section V Levels of Delivery 655

Chapter

23 Neonatal and Pediatric Applications 657

Pulmonary System Development 658

Surfactant Production and Postnatal Role 660

Evaluation of Lung Maturity 661

Cardiovascular System Development 661

Fetal-Neonatal Adaptation 664

Neonatal Resuscitation and Stabilization 665

Physical Assessment of the Newborn and Pediatric Patient 669

Clinical Management of the Neonate 673

Basic Respiratory Care of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient 675

Mechanical Ventilation of the Neonatal and Pediatric Patient 684

Special Procedures 686

Neonatal and Pediatric Transport 689

Newborn Cardiopulmonary Disorders 689

Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Disorders 699

Chapter 24 Geriatric Applications 705

Demographic Changes in the United States 706

Health Care Venues 708

The Cost of Health Care 708

Assessment of the Older Patient 708

Chapter 25 Emergency Medicine 723

Basic Life Support 724

Advanced Cardiac Life Support 728

Pediatric Advanced Life Support 741

Neonatal Resuscitation Program 748

Emergency Airway Adjuncts 752

Chapter 26 Adult Critical Care 757

Entry of the Patient into the Critical Care System 758

Intensive Care Unit Design and Function 763

Tools for Success in the Intensive Care Unit 765

Management of the ICU Patient 771

Chapter 27 Subacute Care 775

What Is Subacute Care? 776

Accreditation and Regulation of Facilities 778

Respiratory Care Acuity Levels and Modalities 779

Patient Selection 780

Weaning 781

Reimbursement 785

Current Practices in View of PPS 788

Chapter 28 Respiratory Home Care 793

History and Evolution 794

Oxygen Therapy 796

Basic Respiratory Equipment 800

Sleep Apnea Therapy 803

Home Polysomnography 804

Home Mechanical Ventilation 805

Pediatric Home Care 809

Clinical Respiratory Services 812

Assessment 812

Patient Education 813

Disease State Management 814

Care Planning 814

Reimbursement 815

Regulatory Bodies, Accreditation, and Licensure 815

Chapter 29 Pulmonary Rehabilitation 823

Scope and Changing Definitions 824

Rationale for Pulmonary Rehabilitation 825

Goals and Objectives of Pulmonary Rehabilitation 826

Basis for Patient Selection 826

Program Formats 832

Program Components 834

Program Content 836

Outcomes Assessment 845

Reimbursement for Pulmonary Rehabilitation 851

Section VI Assorted Applications 859

Chapter 30 Protecting the Patient and the Health Care Provider 861

Chain of Infection 862

Handwashing 866

Standard Precautions 867

Preventing Needlestick Injuries 875

Special Issues in Infection Control 880

Chapter 31 Health Promotion 887

General Principles and Concepts of Health 889

Models of Health 892

Dimensions of Health 893

Philosophy of Holistic Health 895

Factors Affecting Health Care in the United States in the Twentieth Century 899

Leading Causes of Death 901

Behavioral Causes of Death 902

Determinants of Health Status 902

Continuums 905

Health Promotion Process 905

Role of the Federal Government 909

Role of the Respiratory Therapist in Health Promotion 911

Chapter 32 Fundamentals of Patient Education 917

The Educational Process 919

The Respiratory Therapist as the Educator 927

Chapter 33 Management of Respiratory Care Services 933

Key Definitions, Concepts, and Professional Standards 934

History, Professional, and Community Involvement in Respiratory Care 935

Departmental Structure 936

Diversity of Respiratory Care Services 937

Operational Issues 938

Fiscal Issues 940

Reimbursement 944

Human Resource Management 946

Manager Accountability 951

Computer Applications 955

Appendix B Routes for Entry-Level Practice and Registry-Level Practice 967

Appendix C Selected Diagnostic Studies 969

Appendix D Arterial Blood Gases: Normal Values 973

Appendix E Characteristics of Adventitious Breath Sounds 975.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0766808939

OCLC:

47443920