Genetic engineering : science and ethics on the new frontier / Michael Boylan, Kevin E. Brown.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Boylan, Michael, 1952-

Contributor:

Brown, Kevin E.

Series:

Basic ethics in action

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Genetic engineering--Moral and ethical aspects.

Genetic engineering.

Medical genetics--Moral and ethical aspects.

Medical genetics.

Physical Description:

xi, 196 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, [2001]

Contents:

Part I Basic Ethics

Chapter 1 Worldview and Theory Choice 1

I. Four Ethical Theories 2

A. Ethical intuitionism 2

B. Virtue ethics 3

C. Utilitarianism 3

D. Deontology 4

II. The Personal Worldview Imperative and Theory Choice 6

Chapter 2 Professional and Practical Principles of Conduct 12

I. The Ethical Role of the Physician 12

II. The Ethical Role of the Researcher 16

III. Conflicts of Interest 18

IV. Duties to Future Generations 22

V. Environmental Duties 24

Part II The Science of Genetic Engineering

Chapter 3 Where We Are and How We Got Here 26

I. Historical Perspective 26

II. Current Gene Therapy Studies 28

III. Risks of Gene Therapy 29

Chapter 4 The Biological Basics 30

I. Genes, Chromosomes, and DNA 30

A. DNA structure 32

B. DNA replication 33

C. DNA sequence information 37

D. Mitochondrial DNA 37

II. RNA 38

A. RNA synthesis/transcription 38

B. Post-RNA synthesis modifications 40

III. Proteins 40

A. Protein structure 41

B. Protein synthesis 43

C. Post-translation modification 44

D. Control of protein transcription 45

IV. Cell Cycle, Division, and Early Embryogenesis 46

A. Mitosis 46

B. Meiosis 47

C. Fertilization and early development 47

V. Mutations, Genetic Variation, and Population Biology 49

A. Mutations and evolutionary theory 51

Chapter 5 From Cell to Test Tube 53

I. DNA 53

A. DNA synthesis 53

B. DNA replication and amplification 54

C. Cutting and joining double-stranded DNA 56

D. DNA analysis and sequencing 56

E. Bacteria and plasmid DNA 57

II. RNA 59

A. Analysis 59

B. Reverse transcription 60

III. Proteins 60

A. Protein expression 60

B. Protein detection 61

Chapter 6 The Biology of Genetic Therapy 62

I. Initial Questions 63

II. Choice of Vector 64

A. Retroviral-based vectors 64

B. Adenoviral vectors 69

C. Adeno-associated virus vectors 71

D. Herpes simplex virus vectors 72

E. Alternative vector systems 74

III. In Vivo Gene Modulation 75

IV. Correction of Genetic Mutations 75

Part III Ethics in Genetic Engineering

Chapter 7 The Limits of Science 76

I. The Principle of Plenitude 77

II. The Limits of Science 78

Chapter 8 Genetic Testing and Screening 87

I. What Is Genetic Testing and Screening? 87

II. How Is Genetic Testing and Screening Presently Being Performed? 88

A. Chromosome analysis or karyotyping 88

B. DNA sequence analysis 89

C. DNA mutation screening 89

D. DNA profiling 90

E. Gene discovery 91

III. The Advantage of Genetic Screening 91

A. Diagnosis and prognosis 91

B. Genetic tests for prospective parents 92

C. Employers 93

D. Insurance companies 93

E. Forensic population research 94

IV. A Critical Evaluation of Genetic Screening 94

A. Diagnosis and prognosis 94

B. Prospective parents 97

C. Employers 101

D. Insurance companies 103

E. Forensic population research 105

Chapter 9 Somatic Gene Therapy 108

I. What Is Somatic Gene Therapy? 108

A. Monogeneic disorders 108

B. Multifactoral disorders 109

C. Secondary good enhancement 109

II. How Is Somatic Gene Therapy Being Performed? 110

A. Monogeneic disorders 110

B. Multifactoral disorders 111

C. Secondary good enhancement 114

III. The Advantages of Somatic Gene Therapy 115

A. Monogeneic disorders 115

B. Multifactoral disorders 116

C. Secondary good enhancement 117

IV. A Critical Evaluation of Somatic Gene Therapy 117

A. Monogeneic disorders 117

B. Multifactoral disorders 119

C. Secondary good enhancement 120

Chapter 10 Cloning 125

I. What Is Cloning? 125

II. How Is Cloning Presently Being Performed? 126

A. Nuclear transfer 126

B. Pluripotential stem cells 127

III. Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloning 129

A. Cloning of whole people 130

B. Cloning of cells and tissues 133

C. Cloning to produce organs 137

IV. A Critical Evaluation of Cloning 138

A. Practical problems 138

B. Moral issues 140

Chapter 11 Germ-Line Therapy 147

I. What Is Germ-Line Therapy? 147

II. How Is Germ-Lind Therapy Presently Being Performed? 147

III. The Advantages of Germ-Line Therapy 149

IV. A Critical Evaluation of Germ-Line Therapy 151

A. Plants 151

B. Animals 153

C. Humans 157

Chapter 12 Where Business and Science Intersect 160

I. What Is the Present Relationship Between Science and Business? 160

II. How Is Science Being Carried Out in the Present Relationship? 161

III. The Advantages of the Status Quo 162

A. Genetic information 162

B. Bioinformatics and data mining 164

C. The transcriptiome and proteomics 164

IV. A Critical Evaluation of the Current System 165.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 182-186) and index.

ISBN:

0130910856

OCLC:

46928771