Handbook on population and housing census editing / Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistics Division.

Format:

Book

Government document

Contributor:

United Nations. Statistical Division.

Series:

Studies in methods. Series F ; no. 82.

Studies in methods. Series F ; no. 82

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Census--Methodology.

Census.

Data editing--Methodology.

Data editing.

Methodology.

Physical Description:

xiv, 124 pages : illustrations ; 28 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : United Nations, 2001.

Contents:

B. The census process 1

C. Errors in the census process 2

1. Coverage errors 2

2. Content errors 2

(a) Errors in questionnaire design 2

(b) Enumerator errors 2

(c) Respondent errors 2

(d) Coding errors 3

(e) Data entry errors 3

(f) Errors in computer editing 3

(g) Errors in tabulation 3

D. Structure of the handbook 4

I. Editing in Censuses and Surveys 5

A. Editing in historical review 5

B. The editing team 5

C. Editing practices: edited versus unedited data 6

D. The basics of editing 8

1. How over-editing is harmful 10

(a) Timeliness 10

(b) Finances 10

(c) Distortion of true values 10

(d) A false sense of security 10

2. Treatment of unknowns 10

3. Spurious changes 10

4. Determining tolerances 11

5. Learning from the editing process 11

6. Quality assurance 11

7. Costs of editing 11

8. Imputation 11

9. Archiving 12

II. Editing Applications 13

A. Manual versus automatic correction 13

B. Guidelines for correcting data 15

C. Validity and consistency checks 18

1. Top-down editing approach 18

2. Multiple-variable editing approach 18

D. Coding considerations 20

E. Methods of correcting and imputing data 21

1. The Static imputation or "cold deck" technique 22

2. The Dynamic imputation or "Hot Deck" technique 22

3. Dynamic imputation (hot deck) issues 24

(a) Geographical considerations 24

(b) Use of related items 24

(c) How the order of the variables affects the matrices 25

(d) Complexity of the imputation matrices 25

(e) Imputation matrix development 25

(f) Standardized imputation matrices 26

(g) When dynamic imputation is not used 28

(h) How big should the imputation matrices be? 29

(i) Problems that arise when the imputation matrix is too big 29

(ii) Understanding what the imputation matrix is doing 29

(iii) Problems that arise when the imputation matrix is too small 29

(iv) Items that are difficult for imputation matrices 29

4. Checking imputation matrices 30

(a) Setting up the initial static matrix 30

(b) Messages for errors 30

(c) Custom-made error listings 31

(d) How many times to run the edit? 32

5. Imputation flags 32

F. Other editing systems 34

III. Structure Edits 35

A. Geography edits 35

1. Location of living quarters (locality) 35

2. Urban and rural residence 35

B. Coverage checks 36

1. De facto and de jure enumeration 36

2. Hierarchy of households and housing units 36

3. Fragments of questionnaires 36

C. Structure of housing records 36

D. Correspondence between housing and population records 37

1. Vacant and occupied housing 37

(a) Choosing to leave a housing unit vacant 37

(b) Revisiting the housing unit several times to complete questionnaires 37

(c) Substituting another housing unit for missing persons 37

2. Duplicate households and housing units 37

3. Missing households and housing units 38

4. Correspondence between the number of occupants and the sum of the occupants 38

(a) When the number of occupants is greater than the sum of the occupants 38

(b) Checking numbers of persons by sex 38

(c) Sequence numbering 38

5. Correspondence between occupants and type of building/household 38

E. Duplicate records 38

F. Special populations 39

1. Persons in collectives 39

(a) When collectives are a different record type 39

(b) When a variable distinguishes collectives from other records 39

(c) When the "type of collective" code is missing 39

(d) When the collective code is present, but all of the persons are related 39

(e) Distinguishing various types of collectives 40

2. Populations without housing 40

(a) Seasonal migration 40

(b) Homeless persons 40

(c) Refugees 40

G. Determining head of household and spouse 40

1. Editing the head of household variable 40

(a) The order of the relationships 40

(b) When the head is not the first person 40

(i) Assigning a pointer for the head's record 42

(ii) Making the first person the head 42

(iii) Reassigning relationship codes to make the first person the head 42

(c) More than one head 42

(d) No head 42

2. Editing the spouse 42

(a) When exactly one spouse is found in monogamous societies 42

(b) When more than one spouse is found in monogamous societies 42

(c) Spouses in polygamous societies 43

H. Age and birth date 43

1. When date of birth is present, but age is not 43

2. When the age and date of birth disagree 43

I. Counting invalid entries 43

IV. Edits for Population Items 45

A. Demographic characteristics 46

1. Relationship (P2A) 46

(a) Relationship edits 46

(b) When the head must appear first 46

(c) When the relationships are coded upside down 46

(d) When polygamous spouses are present 46

(e) When multiple parents appear 47

(f) When censuses collect sex-specific relationships 47

(g) When relationship and marital status do not match 47

2. Sex (P3A) 47

(a) When the sex code is valid but the head and spouse are the same sex 47

(b) When a male has fertility information or an adult female does not 48

(c) When the sex code is invalid and a spouse is present 48

(d) When the sex code for spouse is invalid 48

(e) When the sex code is invalid and female information is present 48

(f) When the sex code is invalid and this person is spouse's husband 48

(g) When the sex code is invalid and there is insufficient information to determine sex 48

(h) Note on imputed sex ratios 48

3. Birth date and age (P3B) 48

(a) Age and date of birth 48

(b) Relationship between date of birth and age 49

(c) When calculated age falls above the upper limit 49

(d) Age edit 49

(e) Age edit when the head of household and spouse are present 50

(f) Age edit for head when the head's spouse is absent, but child is present 50

(g) Age edit for head when head's parent is present 50

(h) Age edit for head when head's grandchild is present 50

(i) Age edit for head when no other ages are available 50

(j) Age edit for spouse when head's age already determined 51

(k) Age edit for other married couples in the household when the age of one of the persons is known 51

(l) Age edit for child when head's age already determined 51

(m) Age edit for parent when head's age already determined 51

(n) Age edit for grandchild when head's age already determined 51

(o) Age edit for all other persons 51

4. Marital status (P3C) 52

(a) Marital status edit 52

(b) Marital status assignment when dynamic imputation is not used 52

(c) Marital status assignment when dynamic imputation is used 52

(d) Spouse should be married 52

(e) Spouse of a married couple pair 52

(f) If spouse, head should be married 52

(g) Head, no spouse, without children 52

(h) If all else fails, impute 53

(i) Relationship of age to marital status for young people 53

5. Age at first marriage (P4F) 53

(a) Marital status for never married persons should be blank 53

(b) Ever married persons should have an entry 53

6. Fertility: children ever born (P4A) and children surviving (P4B) 53

(a) Fertility items collected 54

(b) General rules for the fertility edit 54

(c) Relationship between children born and children surviving 54

(d) Edit when only children ever born is reported 54

(e) Edit when children ever born and children surviving are reported 55

(f) Edit when children ever born, children surviving, and children who died are reported 56

(i) When all three items are reported 56

(ii) When two items are reported 56

(iii) When one item is reported 56

(iv) When none of the items is reported 57

(g) Edit when both children ever born, children living at home, children living away and children who died are reported 57

(i) When all four items are reported 57

(ii) When three of the four items are

reported 57

(iii) When two of the four items are reported 57

(iv) When only one item is reported 58

(v) When none of the items is reported 59

(h) Importance of a single donor source for all fertility items 59

7. Fertility: date of birth of last child born alive (P4C) 59

8. Fertility: age at first birth (P4G) 59

9. Mortality (P4D) 60

10. Maternal or paternal orphanhood (P4E) and mother's line number 60

B. Migration characteristics 61

1. Place of birth (P1C) 61

(a) Relationship of entries for country of birth and years lived in district 61

(b) Assigning "unknown" for invalid entries for birthplace 61

(c) Using static imputation for birthplace 61

(d) Using dynamic imputation for birthplace 62

(e) Assigning birthplace when a person's mother is present 62

(f) Assigning birthplace for child of head 62

(g) Assigning birthplace for child, but not of head 62

(h) Assigning birthplace for adult females with husband 62

(i) Assigning birthplace for adult females with no husband 62

(j) Assigning birthplace for males 62

2. Citizenship (P3D) 63

(a) Citizenship edit 63

(b) Relationship of ethnicity/race to citizenship 63

(c) Relationship of naturalization to citizenship 63

(d) Relationship of duration of residence to citizenship 63

3. Duration of residence (P1D) 63

(a) Edit for duration of residence 63

(b) De facto/de jure residence and duration 63

(c) Relation of age to duration of residence 64

(d) Relation of birthplace to duration 64

(e) For persons who have always lived here 64

(f) Person's duration from mother's duration 64

(g) Person's duration from child's duration 64

(h) Person's duration when no other information available 65

4. Place of previous residence (P1E) 65

(a) Previous residence edit 65

(b) Previous residence when boundaries have changed 65

(c) When person has not moved since birth 65

(d) Use of other persons in unit 65

(e) No appropriate other person for previous residence 65

5. Place of residence at a specified date in the past (P1F) 65

C. Social characteristics 66

1. Ability to read and write (literacy) (P5A) 66

2. School attendance (P5B) 66

(a) School attendance edit 66

(b) Full-time or part-time enrolment 67

(c) Consistency between school attendance and economic activity 67

(d) Assignment for invalid or inconsistent entries for school attendance 67

3. Educational attainment (highest grade or level completed) (P5C) 67

(a) Edit for educational attainment 67

(b) Minimum age for educational attainment 67

(c) Relationship of age to educational attainment 67

4. Field of education and educational qualifications (P5D) 67

5. Religion (P3E) 68

(a) Religion edit 68

(b) The religion for head of household, but religion present for someone else in the unit 68

(c) The religion for head, or for anyone else in unit 68

(d) For person other than head, without religion 68

6. Language (P3F) 68

(a) Language edit 68

(b) Language edits, head of household 68

(c) Language edits: persons other than head of household 68

(d) Language edits, use of ethnic origin or birthplace 68

(e) Language edit: Mother tongue 69

(f) Language edits: Ability to speak a designated language 69

7. Ethnicity (P3G) 69

(a) Ethnicity edit 69

(b) Ethnicity edit: for head of household 69

(c) Ethnicity edit: persons other than head of household 69

(d) Ethnicity edit: use of language and birthplace 69

8. Disability (P8A) 70

(a) Disability edit 70

(b) Multiple disabilities 70

9. Impairment and handicap (P8B) 70

(a) Impairment and handicap edit 70

10. Causes of disability (P8C) 70

(a) Cause of disability edit 71

D. Economic characteristics 71

1. Activity status (P6A) 71

(a) Categories related to activity status 72

(i) Unemployed population (P6A1) 72

(ii) Looking for work (P6A2) 72

(iii) Not currently active (P6A3) 72

(iv) Why not looking for work (P6A4) 73

(b) Economic activity status edit 73

(i) Employed persons 73

(ii) Economic activity of unemployed persons 73

(iii) Economic activity of students and retired persons 73

(iv) When economic activity is not valid and employed variables are reported 73

(v) When economic activity is not valid and the unemployed variables are reported 73

(vi) When economic activity is not valid and none of the economic variables are reported 73

2. Time worked (P6B) 73

3. Occupation (P6C) 74

4. Industry (P6D) 74

5. Status in employment (P6E) 74

6. Income (P6F) 75

7. Institutional sector (P6G) 75

8. Place of work (P6H) 75

V. Housing Edits 77

1. Building: building description (H01) 78

2. Building: construction material of outer walls (H02) 78

3. Building: year or period of construction (H03) 78

4. Living quarters: location of living quarters (H04) 79

5. Living quarters: type of living quarters (H05) 79

6. Living quarters: occupancy status (H06) 79

7. Living quarters: type of ownership (H07) 80

8. Living quarters: number of rooms (H08) 80

9. Living quarters: floor space (H09) 80

10. Living quarters: water supply system (H10) 80

11. Living quarters: toilet and sewerage facilities (H11) 81

12. Living quarters: bathing facilities (H12) 81

13. Living quarters: cooking facilities (H13) 82

14. Living quarters: lighting (H14) 82

15. Living quarters: solid waste disposal (H15) 82

16. Living quarters: occupancy by one or more households (H16) 83

17. Living quarters: number of occupants (H17) 83

18. Occupants: characteristics of head of household (H18) 83

19. Occupants: tenure (H19) 83

20. Occupants: rental and owner-occupied housing costs (H20) 84

1. Building: number of dwellings (A01) 84

2. Building: elevator (A02) 84

3. Building: Farm (H03) 84

4. Building: construction material of roof (A04a) 84

5. Building: construction material of floor (A04b) 85

6. Building: state of repair (A05) 85

7. Living quarters: number of bedrooms (A06) 85

8. Living quarters: cooking fuel (A07) 85

9. Living quarters: type of heating and energy used for heating (A08) 86

10. Living quarters: availability of hot water (A09) 86

11. Living quarters: piped gas (A10) 86

12. Living quarters: telephone (A11) 87

13. Living quarters: use of housing unit (A12) 87

14. Occupants: number of cars (A13) 87

15. Occupants: durable appliances (A14) 87

16. Occupants: outdoor space available for household use (A15) 87

C. Occupied and vacant housing units 88

I. Derived Variables 91

A. Derived variables for housing records 91

1. Household income 91

2. Family income 91

3. Family type 92

4. Related persons 92

5. Workers in family 92

6. Complete plumbing 93

7. Complete kitchen 93

8. Gross rent 93

B. Derived variables for population records 93

1. Economic Activity Status 93

2. Subfamily number and relative in subfamily 94

3. Own children 95

4. Parents in the house 95

5. Current year in school 96

II. Relationship of Questionnaire Format to Keying 97

III. Keying Considerations 101

A. Entering the data 101

1. Scanning 101

2. Heads down keying 101

(a) Heads-down keying without skip patterns 102

(b) Heads-down keying with skip patterns 102

3. Interactive keying 102

B. Testing the keying instructions 103

C. Verification 103

1. Dependent verification 103

2. Independent verification 103

IV. Sample Flow Charts 105

V. Imputation Methods 111

VI. Computer Editing Packages 115.

Notes:

"ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/82"

"Sales No. E.00.XVII.9"

Includes bibliographical references (pages 123-124).

ISBN:

9211614236

OCLC:

47859493