Compensating for wetland losses under the Clean Water Act / Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Water Science and Technology Board, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council.

Format:

• Book

Contributor:

• National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Mitigating Wetland Losses.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

• Wetlands--Law and legislation--United States.
• Wetlands--Law and legislation.
• Wetland mitigation banking.
• Wetland conservation--Government policy.
• Wetland conservation.
• United States.
• Wetland conservation--Government policy--United States.
• Wetland mitigation banking--United States.

Physical Description:

xxiii, 322 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, [2001]

Contents:

• No Net Loss and the Section 404 Program 16
• The Committee's Task 20
• 2 Outcomes of Wetland Restoration and Creation 22
• Five Wetland Functions 27
• Factors That Contribute to the Performance of Mitigation Sites 35
• 3 Watershed Setting 46
• Watershed Organization and Landscape Function 46
• Wetland Function and Position in the Watershed 47
• Watershed-Scale Patterns of Wetland Losses 57
• A Watershed Template for Wetland Restoration and Conservation 58
• 4 Wetland Permitting: History and Overview 60
• Evolution of Compensatory Mitigation Requirements in the CWA Section 404 Program 60
• General Mitigation Requirements 61
• General Corps Mitigation Requirements 63
• CWA Section 404 Mitigation Requirements 64
• Mitigation Banking 67
• In-Lieu Fees 69
• The Clean Water Act and the Goal of No Net Loss 70
• Section 404 Permit Process 73
• Inspection and Enforcement 80
• 5 Compensatory Mitigation Mechanisms Under Section 404 82
• Location of the Compensatory Mitigation Action 83
• Legal Responsibility for the Mitigation 86
• Relationship of Mitigation Actions to Permitted Activities (Timing) 88
• The MBRT Process 91
• Stewardship Requirements 91
• A Taxonomy 92
• Recommendation 93
• 6 Mitigation Compliance 94
• Mitigation Planning 95
• Mitigation Design Standards 97
• Project Implementation 101
• Compliance with Permit Conditions 103
• Mitigation Ratios 108
• Monitoring of Mitigation Projects 110
• Monitoring Duration 112
• The Compliance Record 113
• 7 Technical Approaches Toward Achieving No Net Loss 123
• Operational Guidelines for Creating or Restoring Wetlands That Are Ecologically Self-Sustaining 123
• Wetland Functional Assessment 128
• The Floristic Approach 129
• Habitat Evaluation Procedures and the Hydrogeomorphic Approach 131
• HGM as a Functional Assessment Procedure 132
• 8 Institutional Reforms for Enhancing Compensatory Mitigation 138
• A Watershed-Based Approach to Compensatory Mitigation 140
• Improvements in Permittee-Responsible Mitigation 149
• Expectations for the Regulatory Agency 154
• Third-Party Mitigation 160
• Support for Increased State Responsibilities 165
• A Survey of Studies: Comparison of Mitigation and Natural Wetlands 189
• Everglades National Park 199
• Coyote Creek Mitigation Site 201
• North Carolina Wetland Restoration Program 208
• C Analyses of Soil, Plant, and Animal Communities for Mitigation Sites Compared With Reference Sites 211
• D California Department of Fish and Game, South Coast Region; Guidelines for Wetland Mitigation 217
• E Examples of Performance Standards for Wetland Creation and Restoration in Section 404 Permits and an Approach to Developing Performance Standards 219
• F Memorandum for Commanders, Major Subordinate Commands, and District Commands, April 8, 1999 234
• G Army Corps of Engineers Standard Operating Procedures for the Regulatory Program 239
• H Selected Attributes of 40 Common Wetland Functional Assessment Procedures 285
• I Function, Factors, and Values Considered in Section 404 Permit Reviews 292.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0309074320

OCLC:

47849386