The Christian theology reader / edited by Alister E. McGrath.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

McGrath, Alister E., 1953-

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Theology, Doctrinal--Popular works.

Theology, Doctrinal.

Genre:

Popular works.

Physical Description:

xxx, 707 pages ; 25 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, UK ; Malden, Mass. : Blackwell, 2001.

Summary:

The new edition of this widely used collection of readings builds on the success of the first edition of The Christian Theology Reader. It now includes more than 300 seminal readings from the entire Christian tradition, using important sources from the patristic, medieval, Reformation, and modern periods. Each reading has been selected on the basis of audience surveys and includes a detailed individual introduction, comments, and questions.

The supporting material for every reading has been classroom tested, making this Reader highly accessible for those new to the subject. Full details of the sources of the readings are provided, and all texts are cross-referenced for ease of use. It includes a wide range of theological and denominational interests, and topical indexes allow easy access to themes throughout Christian history. This new edition also contains an updated glossary of theological terms and details of Internet holdings of theological texts for further study.

Used alone or in conjunction with the author's bestselling textbook, Christian Theology: An Introduction, the second edition of this Reader is the essential guide to the key sources and texts available in the field. Both the author and publisher are committed to keeping these books available and regularly updated in the light of user comments and evaluations.

Contents:

Mission Statement xv

Approaching the Readings xx

To the Student: How to Use this Work xxii

To the Teacher: How to Use this Book xxv

1 Getting Started: Preliminaries 1

1.1 Justin Martyr on Philosophy and Theology 4

1.2 Clement of Alexandria on Philosophy and Theology 5

1.3 Tertullian on the Relation of Philosophy and Heresy 7

1.4 Augustine on Philosophy and Theology 9

1.5 The Nicene Creed 10

1.6 The Apostles' Creed 12

1.7 Anselm of Canterbury's Proof for the Existence of God 14

1.8 Gaunilo's Reply to Anselm's Argument 15

1.9 Thomas Aquinas on Proofs for the Existence of God 17

1.10 Thomas Aquinas on the Principle of Analogy 21

1.11 Martin Luther on the Theology of the Cross 24

1.12 John Calvin on the Nature of Faith 26

1.13 The Heidelberg Catechism on Images of God 27

1.14 John Locke on the Formation of the Concept of God 28

1.15 Rene Descartes on the Existence of God 30

1.16 Blaise Pascal on Proofs for the Existence of God 32

1.17 Blaise Pascal on the Hiddenness of God 33

1.18 Immanuel Kant on Anselm's Ontological Argument 35

1.19 Vatican I on Faith and Reason 36

1.20 John Henry Newman on the Grounds of Faith 39

1.21 Adolf von Harnack on the Origins of Dogma 40

1.22 Karl Barth on the Nature and Task of Theology 44

1.23 Ludwig Wittgenstein on Analogy 46

1.24 Ludwig Wittgenstein on Proofs for the Existence of God 48

1.25 Dietrich Bonhoeffer on God in a Secular World 50

1.26 Paul Tillich on the Method of Correlation 52

1.27 Sallie McFague on Metaphor in Theology 57

1.28 Gustavo Gutierrez on Theology as Critical Reflection 60

1.29 Brian A. Gerrish on Accommodation in Calvin's Theology 64

1.30 George Lindbeck on Postliberal Approaches to Doctrine 66

2 The Sources of Theology 70

2.1 The Muratorian Fragment on the New Testament Canon 73

2.2 Irenaeus on the Role of Tradition 75

2.3 Hippolytus on Typological Interpretation of Scripture 76

2.4 Clement of Alexandria on the Fourfold Interpretation of Scripture 77

2.5 Tertullian on Tradition and Apostolic Succession 78

2.6 Origen on the Three Ways of Reading Scripture 80

2.7 Cyril of Jerusalem on the Role of Creeds 81

2.8 Augustine on the Literal and Allegorical Senses of Scripture 82

2.9 Jerome on the Role of Scripture 84

2.10 Vincent of Lerins on the Role of Tradition 86

2.11 Bernard of Clairvaux on the Allegorical Sense of Scripture 87

2.12 Stephen Langton on the Moral Sense of Scripture 88

2.13 Ludolf of Saxony on Reading Scripture Imaginatively 90

2.14 Jacques Lefevre d'Etaples on the Senses of Scripture 92

2.15 Martin Luther on the Fourfold Sense of Scripture 94

2.16 Martin Luther on Revelation in Christ 96

2.17 John Calvin on the Natural Knowledge of God 98

2.18 John Calvin on the Relation between Old and New Covenants 99

2.19 The Council of Trent on Scripture and Tradition 100

2.20 The Gallic Confession on the Canon of Scripture 102

2.21 The Belgic Confession on the Book of Nature 104

2.22 The Formula of Concord on Scripture and the Theologians 105

2.23 King James I on the Relation of Old and New Testaments 106

2.24 The King James Translators on Biblical Translation 108

2.25 Sir Thomas Browne on the Two Books of Revelation 110

2.26 Philip Jakob Spener on Scripture and the Christian Life 112

2.27 Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Reason and Experience 114

2.28 Jonathan Edwards on the Beauty of Creation 116

2.29 William Paley on the Wisdom of the Creation 117

2.30 Johann Adam Mohler on Living Tradition 121

2.31 John Henry Newman on the Role of Tradition 124

2.32 Archibald Alexander Hodge on the Inspiration of Scripture 127

2.33 Charles Gore on the Relation of Dogma to the New Testament 130

2.34 James Orr on the Centrality of Revelation to the Christian Faith 132

2.35 Wilhelm Herrmann on the Nature of Revelation 135

2.36 Karl Barth on Revelation as God's Self-Disclosure 138

2.37 Emil Brunner on the Personal Nature of Revelation 141

2.38 Rudolf Bultmann on Demythologization and Biblical Interpretation 142

2.39 Karl Rahner on the Authority of Scripture 145

2.40 Phyllis Trible on Feminist Biblical Interpretation 149

2.41 Donald G. Bloesch on Christological Approaches to Biblical Hermeneutics 154

2.42 John Meyendorff on Living Tradition 158

2.43 James I. Packer on the Nature of Revelation 160

2.44 Thomas F. Torrance on Karl Barth's Criticism of Natural Theology 162

2.45 The Catechism of the Catholic Church on Scripture and Tradition 166

3 The Doctrine of God 170

3.1 Athenagoras of Athens on the Christian God 172

3.2 Irenaeus on the Origin of Evil 173

3.3 Irenaeus on the Trinity 174

3.4 Tertullian on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter 175

3.5 Origen on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter 177

3.6 Origen on the Relation of God and Evil 179

3.7 Origen on the Suffering of God 180

3.8 Origen on the Changelessness of God 181

3.9 Basil of Caesarea on the Work of the Holy Spirit 182

3.10 Gregory of Nazianzus on the Gradual Revelation of the Trinity 184

3.11 Hilary of Poitiers on the Trinity 185

3.12 Augustine on the Trinity 187

3.13 Augustine on the Relation of God and Evil 192

3.14 Augustine on the Holy Spirit 193

3.15 Epiphanius of Constantia on Sabellianism 197

3.16 Cyril of Alexandria on the Role of the Holy Spirit 198

3.17 Fulgentius of Ruspe on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist 199

3.18 The Eleventh Council of Toledo on the Trinity 200

3.19 Anselm of Canterbury on the Compassion of God 202

3.20 Richard of St Victor on Love within the Trinity 203

3.21 Alexander of Hales on the Suffering of God in Christ 205

3.22 Thomas Aquinas on Divine Omnipotence 206

3.23 Julian of Norwich on God as our Mother 207

3.24 William of Ockham on the Two Powers of God 209

3.25 Thomas a Kempis on the Limits of Trinitarian Speculation 210

3.26 John Owen on the Sovereignty of God 212

3.27 Benedict Spinoza on the Impassibility of God 213

3.28 F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the Trinity 214

3.29 Karl Barth on the "Otherness" of God 216

3.30 Jurgen Moltmann on the Suffering of God 218

3.31 Richard Swinburne on the Concept of Creation 222

3.32 Leonardo Boff on the Trinity as Good News for the Poor 226

3.33 Robert Jenson on the Trinity 228

3.34 Hans Kung on the Immutability of God 231

3.35 Eberhard Jungel on the Crucified God 235

3.36 Jacques Ellul on the Theology of Icons 236

3.37 Paul Jewett on Non-Inclusive Language and the Trinity 239

3.38 Anne Carr on Feminism and the Maleness of God 242

4 The Person of Christ 246

4.1 Ignatius of Antioch on Docetism 248

4.2 Irenaeus of Lyons on Gnosticism in Christology 249

4.3 Tertullian on Patripassianism 250

4.4 Tertullian on the Incarnation 251

4.5 Origen on the Two Natures of Christ 253

4.6 Arius on the Status of Christ 254

4.7 Athanasius on the Two Natures of Christ 256

4.8 Apollinarius of Laodicea on the Person of Christ 257

4.9 Gregory of Nazianzus on Apollinarianism 258

4.10 Nestorius on the Term "Theotokos" 260

4.11 Cyril of Alexandria on Nestorius' Christology 261

4.12 Cyril of Alexandria on the Incarnation 263

4.13 Cyril of Alexandria on Mary as the Mother of God 265

4.14 Leo the Great on the Two Natures 267

4.15 The Chalcedonian Definition of the Christian Faith (451) 269

4.16 The Emperor Zeno on the Natures of Christ 271

4.17 The Monophysites on the Natures of Christ 273

4.18 John of Damascus on the Incarnation and Icons 274

4.19 Gregory Palamas on the Divine Condescension in the Incarnation 276

4.20 William Dunbar on the Incarnation 277

4.21 Martin Luther's Critique of Nestorianism 280

4.22 Francois Turrettini on the Threefold Office of Christ 282

4.23 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing on the Ditch of History 284

4.24 F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the "Natural Heresies" of Christianity 286

4.25 A. B. Ritschl on the Uniqueness of Jesus Christ 289

4.26 Martin Kahler on the Historical Jesus 292

4.27 George Tyrrell on the Christ of Liberal Protestantism 295

4.28 Albert Schweitzer on the Failure of the "Quest of the Historical Jesus" 298

4.29 Peter Taylor Forsyth on the Person of Christ 302

4.30 Ernst Troeltsch on Faith and History 303

4.31 Dorothy L. Sayers on Christology and Dogma 308

4.32 Paul Tillich on the Dispensability of the Historical Jesus 310

4.33 Wolfhart Pannenberg on the Indispensability of the Historical Jesus 312

4.34 Thomas F. Torrance on the Incarnation and Soteriology 315

4.35 Daphne Hampson on the Possibility of a Feminist Christology 318

4.36 N. T. Wright on History and Christology 321

5 Salvation in Christ 326

5.1 Irenaeus on the "Ransom" Theory of the Atonement 328

5.2 Irenaeus on "Recapitulation" in Christ 329

5.3 Clement of Alexandria on Christ's Death as an Example of Love 330

5.4 Athanasius on the Death of Christ 331

5.5 Athanasius on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology 332

5.6 Pseudo-Hippolytus on the Cosmic Dimensions of the Cross 333

5.7 Rufinus of Aquileia on the "Mousetrap" Theory of the Atonement 334

5.8 An Ancient Liturgy on Christ's Descent into Hell 335

5.9 Theodoret of Cyrrhus on the Death of Christ 336

5.10 Augustine on Redemption in Christ 338

5.11 Simeon the New Theologian on Salvation as Deification 339

5.12 Anselm of Canterbury on the Atonement 340

5.13 Peter Abelard on the Love of Christ in Redemption 342

5.14 Hugh of St Victor on the Death of Christ 344

5.15 Thomas Aquinas on the Satisfaction of Christ 345

5.16 Nicholas Cabasilas on the Death of Christ 347

5.17 John Calvin on the Grounds of Redemption 348

5.18 The Socinian Critique of the Idea of Satisfaction 349

5.19 John Donne on the Work of Christ 352

5.20 George Herbert on the Death of Christ and Redemption 353

5.21 Charles Wesley on Salvation in Christ 354

5.22 F. D. E. Schleiermacher on Christ as a Charismatic Leader 356

5.23 F. D. E. Schleiermacher on Christology and Soteriology 359

5.24 Charles Gore on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology 361

5.25 Hastings Rashdall on Christ as a Moral Example 362

5.26 James Denney on Atonement and Incarnation 364

5.27 Gustaf Aulen on the Classic Theory of the Atonement 367

5.28 Vladimir Lossky on Redemption as Deification 371

5.29 Wolfhart Pannenberg on Soteriological Approaches to Christology 372

5.30 James I. Packer on Penal Substitution 374

5.31 Colin E. Gunton on the Language of Atonement 378

6 Human Nature, Sin, and Grace 382

6.1 Irenaeus on Human Progress 385

6.2 Tertullian on the Origin of Sin 386

6.3 Tertullian on Inherited Guilt 387

6.4 Tertullian on the Image of God 388

6.5 Origen on the Image of God 389

6.6 Origen on Inherited Sin 390

6.7 Lactantius on Political Aspects of the Image of God 391

6.8 Ambrose on the Unmerited Character of Salvation 392

6.9 Ambrosiaster on Original Sin 393

6.10 Gregory of Nyssa on Human Longing for God 394

6.11 Augustine on the Divine Election 395

6.12 Augustine on the Nature of Predestination 397

6.13 Augustine on Fallen Human Nature 398

6.14 Augustine on Human Freedom 399

6.15 Augustine on Irresistible Grace and Perseverance 400

6.16 Pelagius on Human Responsibility 402

6.17 Pelagius on Human Freedom 403

6.18 Pelagius' Rejection of Original Sin 404

6.19 The Council of Carthage on Grace 405

6.20 The Synod of Arles on Pelagianism 406

6.21 The Second Council of Orange on Grace and Freedom 408

6.22 John Scotus Eriugena on the Nature of Paradise 410

6.23 Hildegard of Bingen on the Creation of Man and Woman 411

6.24 Alan of Lille on Penitence as a Cause of Grace 412

6.25 Francis of Assisi on the Creation 413

6.26 Thomas Aquinas on the Nature of Grace 415

6.27 Gregory of Rimini on Predestination 416

6.28 Gabriel Biel on Merit and Justification 417

6.29 Martin Luther's Discovery of the "Righteousness of God" 418

6.30 Martin Luther on Justifying Faith 420

6.31 Martin Luther on Sin and Grace 422

6.32 Philip Melanchthon on Justification by Faith 423

6.33 John Calvin on Predestination 425

6.34 John Calvin on Faith and the Promises of God 427

6.35 John Calvin on the Concept of Justification 428

6.36 The Council of Trent on Justification 429

6.37 Theodore Beza on the Causes of Predestination 431

6.38 James Ussher on the Grounds of Assurance 432

6.39 The Westminster Confession on Predestination 433

6.40 Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Saving Faith 434

6.41 Friedrich Christoph Oetinger on Conversion 437

6.42 Jonathan Edwards on Original Sin 438

6.43 John Wesley on Justification 440

6.44 Emil Brunner on the Image of God 442

6.45 Karl Barth on Election in Christ 446

6.46 Emil Brunner on Barth's Doctrine of Election 448

6.47 Reinhold Niebuhr on Original Sin 450

6.48 Daphne Hampson on Feminist Approaches to Sin 452

6.49 Mary Hayter on Human Sexuality and the Image of God 456

7 The Church 460

7.1 Irenaeus on the Function of the Church 461

7.2 Origen on the Church and Salvation 462

7.3 Cyprian of Carthage on the Unity of the Church 463

7.4 Cyril of Jerusalem on the Catholicity of the Church 465

7.5 Petilian of Cirta on the Purity of Ministers 466

7.6 Augustine on the Mixed Nature of the Church 467

7.7 Leo the Great on Ministry within the Church 469

7.8 Innocent III on the Church and State 470

7.9 Thomas Aquinas on the Catholicity of the Church 471

7.10 Boniface VIII on Papal Primacy: Unam Sanctam 472

7.11 Jan Hus on the Church 474

7.12 Martin Luther on the Marks of the Church 475

7.13 Martin Luther on Priests and Laity 477

7.14 Philip Melanchthon on the Nature of Catholicity 479

7.15 Sebastian Franck on the True Church 480

7.16 The First Helvetic Confession on the Nature of the Church 481

7.17 John Calvin on the Marks of the Church 482

7.18 Richard Hooker on the Purity of the Church 484

7.19 The Westminster Confession on the Church 485

7.20 John Owen on the Nature of a Gospel Church 487

7.21 F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the Church as a Fellowship of Believers 490

7.22 Vatican I on Papal Primacy in the Church 493

7.23 Henry Barclay Swete on the Apostolicity of the Church 495

7.24 The Barmen Confession on the Identity of the Church 498

7.25 Vatican II on the Nature of the Church 500

7.26 John D. Zizioulas on Local and Universal Churches 504

7.27 Leonardo Boff on the Nature of Local Churches 506

7.28 Avery Dulles on the Meanings of "Catholicity" 511

8 The Sacraments 514

8.1 Clement of Alexandria on Faith as Feeding on Christ 516

8.2 Clement of Alexandria on the Results of Baptism 517

8.3 Cyprian of Carthage on Heretical Baptism 518

8.4 Cyril of Jerusalem on the Meaning of Baptism 519

8.5 Cyril of Jerusalem on the Body and Blood of Christ 520

8.6 Hilary of Poitiers on the Effects of Baptism 521

8.7 Augustine on Donatist Approaches to the Sacraments 522

8.8 Augustine on the "Right to Baptize" 523

8.9 John of Damascus on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist 524

8.10 Paschasius Radbertus on the Real Presence 527

8.11 Ratranmus of Corbie on the Real Presence 527

8.12 Candidus of Fulda on "This is My Body" 528

8.13 Lanfranc of Bec on the Mystery of the Sacraments 529

8.14 Hugh of St Victor on the Definition of a Sacrament 530

8.15 Peter Lombard on the Definition of a Sacrament 531

8.16 Thomas Aquinas on Transubstantiation 533

8.17 Martin Luther on the Number of Sacraments 535

8.18 Martin Luther on the Doctrine of Transubstantiation 536

8.19 Martin Luther on the Bread and Wine as a Testament 538

8.20 Martin Luther on Baptism 540

8.21 Philip Melanchthon on Sacramental Signs 541

8.22 Kornelius Hendriks Hoen on "This is My Body" 544

8.23 Huldrych Zwingli on "This My Body" 545

8.24 Huldrych Zwingli on the Nature of Sacraments 548

8.25 The First Helvetic Confession on the Efficacy of the Sacraments 550

8.26 John Calvin on the Nature of Sacraments 551

8.27 Martin Bucer on the Sacraments 552

8.28 The Council of Trent on Transubstantiation 554

8.29 Theodore Beza on Sacramental Signs 555

8.30 John Wesley on the Eucharist and Salvation 557

8.31 Vatican II on the Eucharist 558

8.32 Edward Schillebeeckx on Understanding the Real Presence 562

8.33 Alexander Schmemann on the Eucharist 567

9 Christianity and Other Religions 572

9.1 Justin Martyr on Christianity before Christ 573

9.2 Ludwig Feuerbach on the Origins of Religion 574

9.3 Karl Marx on Feuerbach's Views on Religion 575

9.4 Karl Barth on Christianity and Religion 577

9.5 Karl Rahner on Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions 579

9.6 Vatican II on Non-Christian Religions 583

9.7 Clark Pinnock on Pluralists and Christology 587

9.8 John Hick on complementary Pluralism 591

9.9 C. S. Song on the Cross and the Lotus 595

9.10 John B. Cobb Jr. on Religious Pluralism 600

9.11 Lesslie Newbigin on the Gospel in a Pluralist Culture 604

10 Last Things 610

10.1 Irenaeus on the Final Restoration of Creation 611

10.2 Theophilus of Antioch on conditional Immortality 613

10.3 Tertullian on Hell and Heaven 614

10.4 Tertullian on the Millennium 615

10.5 Origen on the Resurrection Body 616

10.6 Methodius of Olympus on the Resurrection 617

10.7 Cyril of Jerusalem on Prayers for the Dead 618

10.8 Gregory of Nyssa on the Resurrection Body 619

10.9 John Chrysostom on Prayers for the Dead 620

10.10 Augustine on the Christian Hope 620

10.11 Gregory the Great on Purgatory 622

10.12 Benedict XII on Seeing God in Heaven 623

10.13 Catherine of Genoa on Purgatory 624

10.14 John Donne on the Resurrection 625

10.15 Jeremy Taylor on Death and Heaven 626

10.16 Jonathan Edwards on the Reality of Hell 627

10.17 John Wesley on Universal Restoration 630

10.18 Rudolf Bultmann on the Existential Interpretation of Eschatology 632

10.19 Helmut Thielicke on Ethics and Eschatology 635

10.20 Richard Bauckham on Jurgen Moltmann's Eschatology 638

10.21 Hans Urs von Balthasar on Hell 640

10.22 Gabriel Fackre on the Last Things 641

10.23 Philip E. Hughes on Everlasting Death 643

Details of Theologians 648

Sources of Readings 664

Theological Resources on the Internet 689

A Glossary of Theological Terms 692.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

063120637X

OCLC:

44972182