More is different : fifty years of condensed matter physics / edited by N. Phuan Ong and Ravin N. Bhatt.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ong, N. Phuan, 1948-

Bhatt, Ravin N., 1952-

Series:

Princeton series in physics

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Condensed matter.

Physical Description:

xvii, 345 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Princeton : Princeton University Press, [2001]

Summary:

This book presents articles written by leading experts surveying several major subfields in Condensed Matter Physics and related sciences. The articles are based on invited talks presented at a recent conference honoring Nobel laureate Philip W. Anderson of Princeton University, who coined the phrase "More is Different" while formulating his contention that all fields of physics, indeed all of science, involve equally fundamental insights. The articles introduce and survey current research in areas that have been close to Anderson's interests. Together, they illustrate both the deep impact that Anderson has had in this multifaceted field during the past half century and the progress spawned by his insights.

The contributors cover numerous topics under the headings of superconductivity, superfluidity, magnetism, electron localization, strongly interacting electronic systems, heavy fermions, and disorder and frustration in glass and spin-glass systems. They also describe interdisciplinary areas such as the science of olfaction and color vision, the screening of macroions in electrolytes, scaling and renormalization in cosmology, forest fires and the spread of measles, and the investigation of "NP-complete" problems in computer science.

The articles are authored by Philip W. Anderson, Per Bak and Kan Chen, G. Baskaran, S. E. Brown et al., Juan Carlos Campuzano, John J. Hopfield, Bernhard Keimer, Scott Kirkpatrick and Bart Selman, Gabriel Kotliar, Patrick A. Lee, Yoshiteru Maeno, Marc Mezard, T. T. Nguyen et al., Douglas Osheroff et al., H. R. Ott, L. Pietronero et al., T. V. Ramakrishnan, A. P. Ramirez, Myriam P. Sarachik, T. Senthil and Matthew P. A. Fisher, and F. Steglich et al.

Contents:

1950 to Y2K / E. Abrahams xv

1 More is Different

One More Time 1

/ Philip W. Anderson 1

2 Localization Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow 9

/ T. V. Ramakrishnan 9

2.1 Absence of Diffusion in Random Lattices 9

2.1.1 Experimental Background 9

2.1.2 The Localization Idea 10

2.1.3 Related Developments 11

2.1.4 Consequences of Localization 12

2.1.5 Localization as a General Feature of Disorder 13

2.2 Scaling and Weak Localization 14

2.2.1 Thouless Conductance 14

2.2.2 Scaling Theory 15

2.2.3 Weak Localization 16

2.2.4 Theoretical Developments 18

2.2.5 Mesoscopic Systems and Phenomena 21

2.2.6 Other Excitations 21

2.3 Tomorrow 23

2.3.1 Glass and Spin Glass 23

2.3.2 Superconductor-Insulator Transition 23

2.3.3 Metal-Insulator Transition in 2D 24

2.3.4 Decoherence in Disordered Conductors 25

2.3.5 Localization in Manganites 27

3 Metal-Insulator Transitions in Disordered Systems 33

/ Myriam P. Sarachik 33

3.1 Critical Exponent Puzzle in 3D 33

3.2 Novel Phenomena in Dilute 2D Systems: New Physics or Old? 42

4 The Nature of Superfluid [superscript 3]He in Silica Aerogel 47

/ D. D. Osheroff, B. I. Barker, Y. Lee 47

4.2 Results of the First Study 51

4.3 Results of the Second Study 54

4.4 Comparison with Previous Results 59

5 RVB Description of High-T[subscript c] Superconductors 63

/ Patrick A. Lee 63

5.2 Review of RVB Theory 64

5.3 Projected Wavefunctions and Staggered Current Fluctuations 68

6 Angle-Resolved Photoemission Results in Cuprates 75

/ J. C. Campuzano 75

6.2 Nature of the Electronic States 76

6.3 Excitations at the Fermi Surface 77

6.4 Quasiparticles in the Superconducting State 80

6.5 New Energy Scales in the Superconducting State 82

7 Spin Excitations in Copper Oxide Superconductors 91

/ B. Keimer 91

7.2 Neutron Spectroscopy Results in Cuprates 92

7.3 Stripe Formation in La[subscript 2 - x]Sr[subscript x]CuO[subscript 4] 94

7.4 Magnetic Resonance Peak in Cuprates 95

7.5 Origin of the Resonance Peak 97

8 Anderson's Theory of High-T[subscript c] Superconductivity 103

/ G. Baskaran 103

8.2 The RVB Theory of 1987 104

8.3 Three Apects of Anderson's 1987 Mechanism 110

8.4 Some Comments on Anderson's Solution 112

9 Quantum Confinement and Cuprate Criticality 121

/ T. Senthil, Matthew P. A. Fisher 121

9.2 Experiments 122

9.3 Novel Excitations 122

9.4 The Z[subscript 2] Gauge Theory 123

9.5 Phase Diagram 123

9.6 Chargon Condensation and Superconductivity 127

9.7 Quantum Confinement Critical Point 128

9.8 Experimental Implications 130

9.9 Comparison with Anderson's RVB State 132

10 Spin-Triplet Superconductivity of Sr[subscript 2]RuO[subscript 4] 135

/ Y. Maeno 135

10.2 Quasi-2D Fermi Liquid Properties 137

10.3 Spin-Triplet Superconductivity 138

10.4 Anisotropy of the Superconducting Gap 141

10.5 H - T Phase Diagram 143

11 Triplet Quasi-One-Dimensional Superconductors 151

/ S. E. Brown, M. J. Naughton, I. J. Lee, E. I. Chashechkina, P. M. Chaikin 151

11.2 Early Results on P-Wave Pairing 153

11.3 Dimensionality Reduction in a Magnetic Field 154

11.4 Interlayer Decoupling 156

11.5 Recent Experiments on Spin Pairing 161

12 Magnetic Moments in Metals 173

/ H. R. Ott 173

12.2 Heavy (Slow) Electrons 177

12.3 Coexistence of magnetic order and heavy electrons 180

12.4 Non-Fermi-liquid features of heavy-electron metals 182

12.5 Superconductivity of heavy electron metals 183

13 Superconductivity and Magnetism in Heavy-Fermions 191

/ F. Steglich 191

13.2 Magnetic-exciton mediated superconductivity 194

13.3 Antiferromagnetism and Superconductivity 197

13.4 Heavy-Fermion Metals near a Magnetic Instability 203

13.5 Outlook 206

14 The Mott Transition 211

/ G. Kotliar 211

14.2 Model Hamiltonian 212

14.3 Mean Field Theory 214

14.4 Spectral Functions of Strongly Correlated States 219

14.5 Anomalous Resistivity and Spectral Weight 222

14.6 The Mott Transition as a Bifurcation 226

14.7 Extensions of Dynamical Mean Field Methods 230

15 First Steps in Glass Theory 237

/ Marc Mezard 237

15.2 Mathematics 237

15.3 Experiments 238

15.4 A mean-field spin-glass analogy 240

15.5 A lesson from mean-field: many valleys 243

15.6 Beyond the analogy: first-principles computation 246

16 Geometrical Frustration and Marginal Constraint 255

/ A. P. Ramirez 255

16.2 Geometrical Frustration 256

16.3 Ordinary water ice 259

16.4 Spin ice in Pyrochlores 260

16.5 Kagome-like systems 262

16.6 Geometrical frustration in non-magnetic systems 264

17 Olfaction and color vision: More is simpler 269

/ J. J. Hopfield 269

17.1 Color vision 270

17.2 Olfaction 271

17.3 Comparative problems of vision and olfaction 272

17.4 The logarithmic distribution of odorant binding constants 272

17.5 Odorant modeling 273

17.6 Olfactory tasks in a least-squared error algorithm 275

17.7 An approach through large-n 276

17.8 On the large number n of cell types: More is simpler 280

17.9 Separation of two unknown odors 281

17.10 More is simpler 284

18 Screening and giant charge inversion in electrolytes 285

/ T. T. Nguyen, A. Yu. Grosberg, B. I. Shklovskii 285

18.2 Screening of charged surface by spherical Z-ions 292

18.3 Long charged rods as Z-ions 297

19 Forest Fires and Luminous Matter in the Universe 301

/ Per Bak, Kan Chen 301

19.2 The Forest Fire Model 303

19.3 Scale-Dependent Dimension of Luminous Matter 306

19.4 Forest fires and Measles 310

20 Complexity in Cosmology 313

/ L. Pietronero 313

20.2 Fractal Structures and Self Organization 314

20.3 Reconstructing the Puzzle 319

20.3.1 Scaling Properties and Data Analysis 321

20.3.2 Implications of fractal structure up to [lambda subscript 0] 324

20.4 Fractal Cosmology in an Open Universe 326

21 Statistical Physics and Computational Complexity 331

/ S. Kirkpatrick, B. Selman 331

21.2 Satisfiability and Hard-Problem Instances 332

21.3 Connections to Statistical Physics 336

21.4 A closer look at the phase transition 337

21.5 Mixtures of 2-SAT and 3-SAT problems 339.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

0691088659

0691088667

OCLC:

46908132