Development of the nervous system / Dan H. Sanes, Thomas A. Reh, William A. Harris.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sanes, Dan Harvey.

Contributor:

Reh, Thomas A.

Harris, William A. (William Anthony)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Developmental neurophysiology.

Physical Description:

xiv, 500 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press, [2000]

Summary:

An up-to-date text for students and researchers. Presents a broad outline of neural development, covering differentiation, function, plasticity, and behavior.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Induction

Development and Evolution of Neurons 1

Early Embryology of Metazoans 3

Neural Tissue Is Derived from Ectoderm 3

Interactions with Neighboring Tissues Are Required for the Ectoderm to Make Neural Tissue in Many Animals 12

Interactions among the Ectodermal Cells Control Neuroblast Segregation 27

Chapter 2 Polarity and Regionalization

Regional Identity of the Nervous System 36

The Anterior

Posterior Axis and Hox Genes 38

Hox Gene Function 42

Signaling Molecules that Pattern the Anterior

Posterior Axis in Vertebrates 47

Organizing Centers in the Developing Brain 49

Forebrain Development, Prosomeres, and Pax Genes 52

Dorsal

Ventral Polarity in the Neural Tube 56

Molecular Basis of Dorsal

Ventral Polarity 57

Dorsal Neural Tube and Neural Crest 61

Chapter 3 Birth and Migration

Cell Cycle Genes Control the Number of Neurons Generated during Development 76

Cell Interactions Control the Number of Neurons and Glia Generated 79

Cerebral Cortex Histogenesis 81

The Subventricular Zone: A Secondary Zone of Neurogenesis 90

Cerebellar Cortex Histogenesis 92

Postembryonic and Adult Neurogenesis 100

Chapter 4 Determination and Differentiation

Transcriptional Control of Invariant Lineages 106

Position and Determination 108

Multiple Interactions in a Lineage-Based System with Asymmetric Cell Division 112

The Dominance of Cellular Interactions in the Determination of Drosophila Retinal Cells 114

Vertebrate Retinogenesis Has a Similar Developmental Strategy 117

Glial Cell Fate 123

Fate Decisions in the Vertebrate Neural Crest 125

Neuronal Fate in the Vertebrate Spinal Cord 130

Laminar Fate in the Cerebral Cortex 132

Positional Cues Determine Axonal Projection Patterns 135

Regulation of Phenotype by the Target 138

Chapter 5 Axon Growth and Guidance

Axonal Navigation 145

The Growth Cone 149

The Growing Zone 159

The Dynamic Cytoskeleton 161

Growth Cone Guidance 169

Mechanical Guidance 169

Adhesive Guidance 171

Extracellular Matrix and Axon Outgrowth 172

Cell Adhesion Molecules 175

Labeled Pathways and Global Guidance 181

Gradients of Diffusible Tropic Factors 185

Repulsive Factors 189

Axon Regeneration 197

Stop Factors 198

Signal Transduction 199

Chapter 6 Target Selection

Cellular Target Recognition 203

Multicellular Targets 206

Secondary Targets 209

Targeting to the Correct Layer 209

Topographic Mapping 212

Mapping the Body 214

Somatotopy: Maps in the Brain and Their Modification 221

Visual Maps and the Theory of Chemospecificity 224

Determination of Retinotopic Identity 228

Shifting Connections, Fine Tuning, and Registration 238

Olfactory Maps 240

Computational Maps 244

Chapter 7 Survival and Growth

What Does Neuron Death Look Like? 248

How Many Neurons Die? 250

Survival Depends on the Synaptic Target 253

NGF: A Target-Derived Survival Factor 250

NGF Is a Member of the Neurotrophin Family 260

There Is a Family of Neurotrophin Receptors 260

The Low-Affinity Neurotrophin Receptor 264

The Expanding World of Survival Factors 266

Endocrine Control of Cell Survival 268

Cell Death Requires Protein Synthesis 270

Intracellular Signaling 271

Caspases: Agents of Death 277

Regulating Death Proteins 279

Synaptic Transmission at the Target 279

Afferent Regulation of Cell Survival 281

Chapter 8 Synapse Formation and Electric Function

Synaptogenesis 289

What Does Synapse Formation Look Like? 289

Where Do Synaptic Specializations Form? 293

Initial Signs of Synaptogenesis in Vitro 295

Role of Calcium during Presynaptic Differentiation 295

Second Messengers Mediate Presynaptic Differentiation 299

Molecular Signals and Presynaptic Differentiation 301

Receptor Clustering Signifies Postsynaptic Differentiation at NMI 302

Presynaptic Terminals Induce Receptor Aggregation 307

Agrin, a Transynaptic Clustering Signal 309

Postsynaptic Response to Agrin 309

Receptor Clustering Mechanisms in the CNS 314

Regulation of Receptor Expression and Synthesis 318

Neuronal Activity Limits Receptor Expression 321

ARIA, a Transynaptic Regulator of Transcription 321

Synaptic Transmission 324

Rapid Modulation of Release and Receptor Function 324

Maturation of Transmission and Receptor Isoform Transitions 328

Maturation of Transmitter Reuptake 332

Appearance of Synaptic Inhibition 335

Is Inhibition Really Inhibitory during Development? 335

Electrical Properties 337

Resting Potential and Membrane Properties 337

The Action Potential 340

Channel Diversity 340

Significance of Calcium Channel Expression 342

Regulation of Ionic Channel Expression 343

Chapter 9 Refinement of Synaptic Connections

Rearranging Synaptic Connections 350

Functional Synapses Are Eliminated 351

Axonal Arbors Are Refined or Eliminated 354

Some Terminals Expand or Remain Stable 360

Neural Activity Regulates Synaptic Connections 360

Sensory Coding Properties Reflect Synapse Rearrangement 371

Activity Contributes to the Alignment of Sensory Maps 375

Spontaneous Activity and Afferent Segregation 378

Some Forms of Plasticity Have a Time Limit 379

Cellular Events during Synapse Elimination 382

Synapses Interact over a Short Distance 382

Effect of Disuse 384

Heterosynaptic Depression 386

Postsynaptic Receptors Are Eliminated 387

Involvement of Intracellular Calcium 389

NMDA Receptors and Calcium Signaling 392

The Role of Second Messenger Systems 394

Metabotropic Receptors: The Plot Broadens 396

Gain Control 396

Silent Synapses 399

Plasticity of Inhibitory Connections 400

Synaptic Influence on Neuron Morphology 401

Chapter 10 Behavioral Development

Behavioral Ontogeny 404

Cellular and Environmental Mechanisms 405

Environmental Determinants of Behavioral Development 407

Motor Behavior: The First Movements 408

Are the First Behaviors Spontaneous or Reflexive? 408

The Mechanism of Spontaneous Movements 410

Embryonic Movements: Uncoordinated or Integrated? 410

The Role of Activity in the Emergence of Coordinated Behavior 414

Embryo-Specific Behaviors 416

Motor Learning 419

Beginning to Make Sense of the World 421

Asking Babies Questions 423

Sharp Eyesight 423

Acute Hearing 420

Sex-Specific Behavior 430

Genetic Sex 431

Hormonal Signals 431

Hormonal Control of Brain Gender 432

Genetic Control of Brain Gender 434

Singing in the Brain 436

From Gonads to Brain? 436

Learning to Remember 437

Where's Mamma? 439

Fear and Loathing 440

Complex Tasks 442

Getting Information from One Brain to Another 445

Language 446.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 453-490) and index.

ISBN:

012300330X

OCLC:

44058307