Magnetic resonance imaging : physical principles and applications / Vadim Kuperman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kuperman, V. L. (Vladimir Leonovich)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Magnetic resonance imaging.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging--methods.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Medical Subjects:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging--methods.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Physical Description:

182 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

San Diego : Academic, [2000]

Summary:

This book is intended as a text/reference for students, researchers, and professors interested in physical and biomedical applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Both the theoretical and practical aspects of MRI are emphasized. The book begins with a comprehensive discussion of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) phenomenon based on quantum mechanics and the classical theory of electromagnetism. The first three chapters of this book provide the foundation needed to understand the basic characteristics of MR images, e.g., image contrast, spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, common image artifacts. Then MRI applications are considered in the following five chapters. Both the theoretical and practical aspects of MRI are emphasized. The book ends with a discussion of instrumentation and the principles of signal detection in MRI.

Contents:

Chapter 1 Basic Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 9

1.1. The Phenomenon of NMR 9

1.2. Motion of Magnetic Moments 12

1.3. The Bloch Equations 15

1.4. Basic NMR Experiment 17

1.5. T[superscript * subscript 2] Decay 19

1.6. Spin Echoes 21

1.7. Signal Attenuation Due to Diffusion 24

Chapter 2 Excitation of the Transverse Magnetization 29

2.1. Dynamics of Repeatedly Excited Magnetization 29

2.2. Ernst Angle 34

2.3. Spatially Selective Excitation 35

Chapter 3 Basic Techniques for 2D and 3D MRI 41

3.1. Image Reconstruction from Discrete Samples 41

3.2. Frequency and Phase Encoding 44

3.3. Basic Gradient and Spin-echo Pulse Sequences 49

3.4. K-space 53

Chapter 4 Contrast in MR Imaging 57

4.1. Main Contrast Mechanisms in [superscript 1]H MRI 58

4.2. Contrast Agents 64

4.3. Magnetization Transfer Contrast 67

4.4. Diffusion-Weighted Images 71

Chapter 5 Signal-to-Noise Ratio in MRI 77

5.1. Noise Variance in MR Images 77

5.2. SNR in 2D and 3D MRI 80

5.3. SNR Field Dependence 83

Chapter 6 Image Artifacts 87

6.1. Artifacts Due to Magnetic Field Nonuniformity 87

6.2. Chemical Shift Artifacts 90

6.3. Artifacts Due to Motion and Flow 95

6.4. MRI Techniques for Motion Artifact Reduction 100

Chapter 7 Rapid MR Imaging 111

7.1. Rapid Gradient-Echo Imaging 111

7.2. Echo-Planar Imaging 116

7.3. Fast Spin-Echo Imaging 120

7.4. Spiral Imaging 125

7.5. Partial k-Space Acquisition 128

Chapter 8 MR Imaging of Flow 135

8.1. Time-of-Flight Techniques 135

8.2. Phase-contrast MRA 143

8.3. Contrast-enhanced MRI of Flow 146

Chapter 9 MRI Instrumentation: Magnets, Gradient Coils, and Radiofrequency Coils 151

9.1. Magnets 151

9.2. Gradient Coils 161

9.3. Radiofrequency Coils 164

A. Phase-sensitive Detection 173

B. Image Display 175.

Notes:

Includes bibiliographic references and index.

ISBN:

0124291503

OCLC:

43760226