Breast cancer : a practical guide / Orlando E. Silva, Stefano Zurrida ; presented by Umberto Veronesi.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Silva, Orlando E.

Contributor:

Zurrida, Stefano.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Breast--Cancer--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Breast.

Breast--Cancer.

Breast Neoplasms.

Medical Subjects:

Breast Neoplasms.

Genre:

Handbooks and manuals.

Physical Description:

viii, 518 pages : illustrations ; 22 cm

Edition:

[Second edition].

Place of Publication:

Oxford ; New York : Elsevier, 2000.

Contents:

I. Benign Breast Disease 1

Cysts 1

Fibrocystic changes 2

Epithelial hyperplasia 2

Atypical hyperplasia 2

Adenomas 3

Fibroadenoma 3

Mammary duct ectasia 4

Mammary duct fistula 5

Papillomas 5

Puerperal (lactational) Mastitis 6

Periareolar sepsis 7

Fat necrosis 8

Mondor disease 9

Granular cell tumors 9

Lipomas 9

Hamartomas 9

Sarcoid 10

Breast Carcinoma 11

II. History of Breast Cancer 13

III. Epidemiology 15

IV. Risk Factors 18

Factors that increase risk 18

Hereditary Breast Cancer 21

Genetic testing 26

Current recommendations for high risk patients 27

Potential risk factors 29

Factors that decrease risk 30

Estimating risk factors 33

V. Screening 35

Self examination 38

Screening Mammography 39

Diagnostic Mammography 39

VI. Imaging Studies 47

Ultrasound 47

MRI 47

Bone scan 48

Sestamibi scan 48

PET scan 49

Liver scan 50

VII. Evaluation of a Palpable Breast Mass and Nipple Discharge 51

History and physical examination 51

Needle aspiration 52

Mammography 53

Ultrasound 54

CT/MRI 54

FNA/Core Needle Biopsy/Open Biopsy 55

VIII. Breast Pathology 56

Histologic (tissue) grade 56

Nuclear grade 56

Mitoses 56

Multifocality 57

Multicentricity 57

Bilaterality 57

Non-invasive breast cancer 58

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) 58

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ (LCIS) 60

Microinvasive breast cancer 60

Invasive breast cancer 62

Paget disease 64

Inflammatory breast cancer 64

IX. Staging 66

TNM system 66

Clinical staging 67

Survival 69

X. Prognostic Factors 71

Primary prognostic factors 71

The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) 74

New Prognostic Factors 74

Non-Invasive Cancer 87

Carcinoma in Situ 87

XI. DCIS 89

Local excision alone 91

Multicentricity 93

Radiation Therapy 93

Rationale for radiation 97

XII. LCIS (Lobular Carcinoma In Situ) 103

Treatment 104

Invasive Cancer 105

XIII. Surgical Treatment 107

Stage I/II operable breast cancer 107

Lumpectomy 107

Quadrantectomy 107

Mastectomy 107

XIV. Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy 122

1987 Meta-analysis 123

Cause-specific mortalities 123

Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group (1995 Meta-analysis) 123

The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b Trial 124

British Columbia Trial 125

The Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82c Trial 126

XV. Axillary Lymph Node Dissection (ALND) 130

DCIS 131

Microinvasive carcinoma 132

T1a lesions 132

Complications of axillary LN dissection 134

Sentinel lymph node localization (lymphatic mapping) 134

XVI. Axillary Lymph Node Irradiation 141

XVII. Breast Reconstruction after Mastectomy 144

Timing of breast reconstruction 144

Choice of reconstructive technique 145

Breast reconstruction and oncology 158

XVIII. General Facts about Breast Cancer and Chemo-Hormonal Therapy 160

XIX. Primary Chemotherapy 162

XX. Stage III Disease 172

Combined systemic approach 174

Inflammatory breast cancer 177

Intra-arterial cytotoxic chemotherapy 178

XXI. Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Breast Cancer 179

Adjuvant chemotherapy 184

Chemotherapy dose intensity 190

Sequencing of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy 198

Timing of adjuvant chemotherapy 200

Duration of adjuvant chemotherapy 201

Future, ongoing, and recently closed trials in the adjuvant setting 206

Side effects of chemotherapy 210

XXII. Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Pre- and Post-Menopausal 211

Adjuvant tamoxifen in premenopausal 211

Conclusions of above studies 217

Long term tamoxifen follow-up 217

Other adjuvant endocrine therapy 218

Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy 221

Adjuvant immunotherapy 222

XXIII. Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer 223

Side effects of Chemotherapy 225

Chemotherapy + Tamoxifen 225

XXIV. Local Breast Recurrence 229

Local Breast recurrence after breast conservation therapy (BCT) 229

Local breast recurrence after mastectomy 235

Treatment modalities for local recurrence after mastectomy 236

XXV. Charges Related to Breast Cancer Treatment in the US & Europe 240

XXVI. Metastatic Breast Cancer 242

Loco-Regional Disease 245

Bone Only 248

Visceral Disease 254

Visceral Crises 264

XXVII. Endocrine Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer 269

Antiestrogens 271

Selective aromatase inhibitors 277

Non-selective aromatase inhibitors 284

Progestational agents 285

GnRH analogs (Gonadotropin hormone-releasing analogs) 285

Oophorectomy 288

Phase III Clinical Trials in Premenopausal 288

XXVIII. Standard Chemotherapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer 289

Duration of chemotherapy in the metastatic setting 289

Factors that predict response to chemotherapy 289

Chemotherapy regimens 290

Biologic agents with and without chemotherapy 315

XXIX. Side Effects of Chemotherapy 320

XXX. Investigational Agents 325

XXXI. High-Dose Therapy 334

U.S. Bone Marrow Transplant Regimens 335

High-Dose Therapy in Europe 341

Preliminary results of randomized high dose chemotherapy trials in the adjuvant setting 344

Preliminary results of randomized high dose chemotherapy trials in the metastatic setting 347

Side Effect of High-Dose Therapy 349

XXXII. Psychosocial Sequelae of Breast Cancer 355

Prominent affective responses 355

Specific responses to diagnosis 356

Specific responses to treatment 357

Specific responses to end of treatment 358

Specific responses to recurrence 358

Psychosocial responses are not universal 359

End of life issues 360

XXXIII. Breast Cancer and Depression 361

Classification of depressive disorders 361

Diagnosis of depression in cancer patients 362

XXXIV. Following Breast Cancer Patients 369

Localized disease 369

Current recommendations for mammography after breast cancer treatment 369

Metastatic disease 369

Tumor markers 370

XXXV. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in Breast Cancer Survivors 373

Menopausal symptoms 375

XXXVI. Unusual Presentations 382

Paget disease 382

Breast cancer and pregnancy 383

Occult breast cancer presenting as solitary axillary mass 385

Phyllodes tumor 385

XXXVII. Male Breast 387

Sclerosing adenosis 387

Phyllodes tumor 387

Male Breast Cancer 387

XXXVIII. Chemoprevention 390

Tamoxifen chemoprevention trials 390

Raloxifene chemoprevention trials 390

Retinoids chemoprevention trials 397

XXXIX. Care of the Dying Patient 399

Palliative Medicine 399

Hospice care 399

Symptoms 400

Communication 401

Management strategies 401

Religion 409

Existential suffering 410

Family 410

Bereavement 411

XL. Issues in Breast Cancer Liability 412

The standard of care 412

The standard of care for physicians treating breast cancer patients 413

Defenses to a breast cancer-related claim 414

Areas of breast cancer liability 416

Failure to screen individuals for breast cancer 416

Failure to elicit information 418

Failures to diagnose breast cancer 419

Causation in failure to diagnose cases 421

Damages in failure to diagnose cases 422

Misreading mammograms 423

Failure to order biopsies 424

Negligent performance of needle aspirations 425

Negligent ordering and performing mastectomies 426

Negligent post-operative treatment 427

Issues in breast reconstruction 428

HMO and insurance company liability 428

Appendix I. Expanded Table of Contents with Citations 433

Appendix II. National Breast Cancer Support Organizations 475

Appendix III. Breast Cancer Local Support Groups in the US 483

Appendix IV. Pharmaceuticals: Generic names, Trade names & Manufacturers 497.

Notes:

"First edition 1999-original title Breast cancer: a guide for Fellows."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0444505652

OCLC:

44493296