Nosocomial pneumonia / edited by William R. Jarvis.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Jarvis, William R. (William Robert), 1948-

Series:

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 150.

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 150

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pneumonia--Prevention.

Pneumonia.

Pneumonia--Treatment.

Nosocomial infections.

Pneumonia--prevention & control.

Pneumonia--therapy.

Cross Infection--prevention & control.

Medical Subjects:

Pneumonia--prevention & control.

Pneumonia--therapy.

Cross Infection--prevention & control.

Physical Description:

xv, 304 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Marcel Dekker, [2000]

Contents:

Part 1 Diagnosis, Surveillance of, and Risk Factors for Nosocomial Pneumonia

1. Diagnosis of Nosocomial Pneumonia: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Versus NonVAP / Jean Chastre, Jean-Yves Fagon, Jean-Louis Trouillet 1

II. Clinical Evaluation 3

III. Microbiological Diagnosis of Pneumonia Using Nonbronchoscopic Techniques 5

IV. Microbiological Diagnosis of Pneumonia Using Bronchoscopic Techniques 11

V. The Argument for Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Ventilator- and Nonventilator-Associated Nosocomial Pneumonia 25

VI. The Argument Against Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Ventilator- and Nonventilator-Associated Nosocomial Pneumonia 26

VII. Recommendations 30

2. Nosocomial Pneumonia: Surveillance and Its Impact / Olivia Keita-Perse, Robert P. Gaynes 39

II. Methods for Surveillance for Nosocomial Pneumonia 39

III. Defining and Calculating Nosocomial Pneumonia Rates 42

IV. Ventilator-Associated and Nonventilator-Associated Nosocomial Pneumonia Rates 47

V. Distributions of Pathogens for Nosocomial Pneumonia 49

VI. Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Nosocomial Pneumonia 50

VII. Cost 50

3. Host- and Device-Associated Risk Factors for Nosocomial Pneumonia: Cost Effective Strategies for Prevention / Catherine A. Fleming, Kathleen A. Steger, Donald E. Craven 53

II. Targets for Intervention 56

III. Host Factors 57

IV. Medications 61

V. Device-Associated Risk Factors 63

VI. Cross Infection from Patients and Staff 72

VII. Special Pathogens 73

VIII. Barriers to Prevention 78

Part 2 Treatment, Prevention, and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia

4. Antimicrobial Therapy of Nosocomial Pneumonia / Raymond Chinn 93

II. Antibiotics and Resistance 94

III. General Concepts on Antimicrobial Therapy 95

IV. Monotherapy Versus Combination Therapy 98

V. Single Daily Dose of Aminoglycosides 98

VI. Aerosolized and Instilled Aminoglycosides 100

VII. Continuous Infusion of [beta]-Lactams 102

VIII. Early Nosocomial Pneumonia 102

IX. Anaerobes 103

X. Late-Onset Nosocomial Pneumonia 105

XI. Therapy of Selected Pathogens in Nosocomial Pneumonia 107

XII. Duration of Therapy 113

XIII. New Antibiotics on the Horizon 116

5. Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract / Marc J. M. Bonten, Robert A. Weinstein 125

II. Selective Decontamination: The Concept 126

III. General Critiques to the Concept of SDD 128

IV. Clinical Studies 129

V. Measuring Effects of SDD in Specific Patient Populations 138

VI. Resistance Concerns 139

VII. Interaction of Control and Decontaminated Patients 143

VIII. Cost-Benefit Analyses 145

6. Immunoprophylaxis and Immunomodulation for Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia / Walter W. Williams, Jay C. Butler, Nancy H. Arden 155

II. Etiology, Currently Licensed and New Immunizing Agents 156

III. Vaccination with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine 159

IV. Vaccinating with Inactivated Vaccine for Influenza A and B 168

V. Passive Immunization 173

VI. Strategies for Implementing Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccine Recommendations 174

7. Using Quality Improvement Techniques for the Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia / Alice H. M. Wong, Richard P. Wenzel 187

I. Organizing a Quality Improvement Committee 189

II. Identification of Opportunities for Improvement 191

III. Staff Education 194

IV. CQI Implementation 195

V. Program Evaluation 195

VI. The Impact of CQI Programs 199

Part 3 Special Issues on Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Special Hospital Units

8. Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Patients / Michael T. Brady 203

II. Epidemiology 205

III. Pathogenesis 212

IV. Etiological Agents 215

V. Diagnosis 217

VI. Treatment 221

VII. Prevention 227

9. The Operating Room / Arnold J. Berry 241

II. Incidence of Postoperative Pneumonia 242

III. Mortality Rate 243

IV. Risk Factors and Pathogenesis 243

V. Effects of Anesthesia and Surgery on Pulmonary Mechanics 252

VI. Modalities to Reduce the Risk of Postoperative Pneumonia 255.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

0824703847

OCLC:

44167723