Pulmonary and peripheral gas exchange in health and disease / edited by Josep Roca, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin, Peter D. Wagner.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Roca, Josep, 1952-

Rodriguez-Roisin, Roberto.

Wagner, P. D. (Peter D.)

Series:

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 148.

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 148

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pulmonary Gas Exchange.

Oxygen--metabolism.

Medical Subjects:

Pulmonary Gas Exchange.

Oxygen--metabolism.

Physical Description:

xix, 822 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Marcel Dekker, [2000]

Contents:

1. Pulmonary and Peripheral Gas Exchange and Their Interactions / Josep Roca, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin, Peter D. Wagner 1

II. The Gas Transport Pathway: Environment to Mitochondria 2

III. Mechanisms of O[subscript 2] Transport Impairment in the Lungs and Tissues 22

IV. Integration of Lungs and Tissues in Gas Transport and Exchange 23

2. Oxygen and Metabolic Homeostasis During Large-Scale Change in Tissue Work Rates / Peter W. Hochachka 29

I. Contrasting Requirements of Homeostasis and Tissue Work 29

II. Human Muscle Metabolism During Work 30

III. Widespread Stability of Metabolites During Changes in Metabolic Rates 36

IV. Demands of Homeostasis Take Precedence During Changes in Work Rates of Tissues 37

V. Oxygen Delivery and Metabolic Regulation 39

VI. Transducing the Oxygen Signal in Working Tissue 39

VII. An Unsolved Regulatory Problem 40

3. Experimental Approaches to the Study of Gas Exchange / Robert L. Johnson, Jr., Scott E. Curtis 45

II. Total Respiratory Gas Exchange 46

III. Gas Exchange in the Lung 49

IV. Peripheral Gas Exchange 88

Part 2. Pulmonary Gas Exchange

4. Gas Exchange in Health: Rest, Exercise, and Aging / Robb Glenny, Peter D. Wagner, Josep Roca, Roberto Rodriguez-Roisin 121

I. Heterogeneity of Pulmonary Gas Exchange at Rest 122

II. Determinants of O[subscript 2] and CO[subscript 2] Exchange at Rest 136

III. Pulmonary Gas Exchange During Exercise 137

IV. Effects of Aging on Pulmonary Gas Exchange 138

5. Gas Exchange in Health: Altitude and Microgravity / John B. West 149

II. High Altitude 149

III. Microgravity 162

6. Anesthesia and Gas Exchange / Goran Hedenstierna 177

II. Oxygenation and Venous Admixture 178

III. Distributions of Ventilation and Perfusion 179

IV. Alveolar Hypoventilation and Diffusion Limitation 181

V. Morphologic Correlates of Shunt and Low Va/Q 182

VI. Prevention of Atelectasis During Anesthesia 185

VII. Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction 189

VIII. Obstructive Lung Disease 190

IX. One-Lung Ventilation 191

X. Postoperative Lung Function 192

7. Asthma / Iven H. Young, A. B. Hamish Crawford 199

II. Arterial Blood Gas Abnormalities 201

III. Topographical Distribution of Ventilation and Blood Flow 206

IV. Functional Maldistribution of Ventilation 208

V. Functional Distributions of Va/Q Ratios 210

8. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / Joan Albert Barbera 229

II. Physiological Basis of Abnormal Gas Exchange in COPD 230

III. Structure and Function Correlations 237

IV. Gas Exchange in the Natural History of COPD 241

V. Gas Exchange During Exercise 246

VI. Effect of Therapeutic Interventions on Gas Exchange 250

9. Interstitial Lung Diseases / Alvar G. N. Agusti 263

II. Resting Pulmonary Gas Exchange 264

III. Pulmonary Gas Exchange During Exercise 265

IV. Integrated View: The Mechanisms of Abnormal Exercise Performance in ILD 271

V. Relationship Between Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide and the Mechanisms of Abnormal Pulmonary Gas Exchange in ILD 278

10. Pulmonary Vascular Diseases / Christian Melot, Robert Naeije 285

II. Acute Pulmonary Arterial Obstruction: Pulmonary Embolism 286

III. Chronic Pulmonary Vascular Obstruction 296

11. Acute Lung Injury / Christian Putensen 303

II. Acute Injury of the Lungs 304

III. Pulmonary Gas Exchange in ARDS 305

IV. Therapeutic Concepts to Improve Va/Q Matching in ARDS 313

Part 3. Gas Exchange in the Periphery: Organs and Systems

12. Whole-Body Oxygen Transport and Use / Stephen M. Cain, Scott E. Curtis 331

II. The Interrelationship Between Oxygen Transport and Use in Health 332

III. Matching of Oxygen Transport to Use in Health 337

IV. Matching of Oxygen Transport to Use in Disease 347

13. Gas Exchange in the Heart / Keith R. Walley 359

II. Coronary Circulation 362

III. Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Demand 363

IV. Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Supply 368

V. Myocardial Oxygen Extraction 371

VI. Relationship of Blood Flow Heterogeneity to Oxygen Extraction 373

VII. Myocardial Oxygen Extraction in Sepsis 374

VIII. Myocardial Oxygen Extraction in Coronary Occlusive Disease 375

14. Localization and Dispersion of Oxygen Demand and Supply in Skeletal Muscle / Steven S. Segal 383

II. Muscle Blood Flow and Oxygen Uptake 385

III. Oxygen Flux Within Muscle Fibers 387

IV. Oxygen Flux from Microvessels to Muscle Fibers 389

V. Intramuscular Dispersion of Metabolic Demand 396

15. The Gut: Oxygen Transport and Gas Exchange Function / Paul T. Schumacker 409

II. Structure and Function of the Gut Vascular Anatomy 410

III. Vascular Models of the Gut Microcirculation 411

IV. Role of Extrinsic Autonomic Neurohumoral Control of Gut Blood Flow 412

V. Metabolic Control of the Gut Microcirculation 413

VI. Oxygen Delivery

Consumption Relationships 414

VII. Physiological Shunting of Oxygen in the Gut Microcirculation 416

VIII. Perfusion Heterogeneity in the Gut Microcirculation 420

IX. Pathophysiology of Gas Transport 423

X. Mechanisms of Impaired Tissue Oxygen Extraction 425

XI. Pathological Oxygen Supply Dependency in Critical Illness and Sepsis 427

16. The Brain / Claude A. Piantadosi 435

I. Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 435

II. Neurovascular Coupling: The Link Between Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Function 437

III. Cerebral Hypoxia 443

17. The Kidney / Samuel Noam Heyman, Mayer Brezis 447

II. The Renal Circulation 448

III. Intrarenal Oxygen Gradient 451

IV. Outer Medullary Oxygen Balance 451

V. Control of Medullary Oxygen Balance 453

VI. Acute Tubular Necrosis and Distal Tubular Injury in Humans 457

VII. Distal Tubular Injury: Experimental Evidence for Oxygen Insufficiency 457

VIII. Medical Conditions Predisposing to Acute Tubular Necrosis: Implications for Medullary Oxygen Imbalance 458

IX. Animal Models of Acute Renal Failure with Hypoxic Outer Medullary Necrosis 460

X. Disparate Mechanisms for Hypoxic Injury in Different Nephron Segments 462

XI. Medullary Hypoxia and Chronic Tubulointerstitial Disease 462

XII. Medullary Oxygen Balance and the Prevention/Treatment of Acute Tubular Necrosis 463

XIII. Control of Erythropoietin Production: A Role for Renal Parenchymal Oxygen Insufficiency 464

Part 4. Integrated Gas Exchange Responses

18. Pulmonary and Peripheral Gas Exchange During Exercise / David C. Poole, Timothy I. Musch 469

II. Pulmonary and Muscle Gas Exchange 470

III. Cardiovascular System 488

IV. Muscle Microcirculation 495

V. Maximum Oxygen Consumption in Health and Disease 509

19. Gas Exchange in Lung and Muscle at High Altitude / Robert B. Schoene 525

II. The Problem 526

III. The Lung 526

IV. Gas Exchange in the Tissues 535

V. High Altitude 536

VI. Blood Flow 537

VII. The Role of Hemoglobin 540

VIII. Oxygen-Hemoglobin Affinity 542

IX. Diffusion of Oxygen from Blood to the Tissue 543

20. Systemic Gas Exchange and Exercise Performance in Chronic Pulmonary Disease / Charles G. Gallagher 553

II. Respiratory Responses 555

III. Cardiovascular Responses 565

IV. Skeletal Muscle Responses 566

V. Exercise Limitation 567

21. Cardiopulmonary and Peripheral Vascular Alterations in Chronic Congestive Heart Failure / Donna M. Mancini, Ainat Beniaminovitz 581

II. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure: Cardiac Adaptations 582

III. Peripheral Vascular and Skeletal Muscle Adaptations in Congestive Heart Failure 585

IV. Pulmonary Adaptation in Congestive Heart Failure 594

V. Exercise Training in Congestive Heart Failure 602

22. Role of Hemoglobin in the Delivery of Oxygen to Tissues / Robert M.

Winslow 617

II. Autoregulation of Tissue Oxygen Delivery 629

III. Nitric Oxide as the Endothelium-Derived Relaxing Factor 632

IV. Cell-Free Hemoglobin: New Tools to Study Oxygen Transport 634

V. Summary and Hypothesis: The OEC Is a Critical Link in Oxygen Signal Transduction 640

23. Integrated Gas Exchange Response: Chronic Renal Failure / Geoffrey E. Moore 649

II. Oxygen Transport Factors Affecting Aerobic Capacity 653

III. Integrated Oxygen Transport 662

IV. Interactions Between Systems 667

V. Systemic Factors 668

24. Multiple Organ Failure / Ari Uusaro, James A. Russell 685

II. Definitions and Epidemiology of Multiple Organ Dysfunction/Failure 685

III. Hypothesis 687

IV. Mechanisms of Imbalance Between Oxygen Delivery and Consumption that Could Cause Multiple System Organ Failure 689

V. The Oxygen Delivery/Consumption Relationship: Physiology 695

VI. Evidence for Occult Tissue Hypoxia as a Cause of Multiple System Organ Failure 697

VII. Evidence Against Occult Tissue Hypoxia as a Cause of Multiple System Organ Failure 708

VIII. Alternative Mechanisms of Multiple Organ Failure 723

IX. Facilitative Role for Tissue Hypoxia in MSOF 725.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

0824703359

OCLC:

44076143