Principles of ecotoxicology / C.H. Walker ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Walker, C. H. (Colin Harold), 1936-

Class of 1924 Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pollution.

Environmental Pollutants--toxicity.

Environmental Exposure--adverse effects.

Medical Subjects:

Environmental Pollutants--toxicity.

Environmental Exposure--adverse effects.

Physical Description:

xvi, 309 pages : illustrations, maps ; 26 cm

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

London ; New York : Taylor & Francis, 2001.

Contents:

Part 1 Pollutants and Their Fate in Ecosystems 1

Chapter 1 Major Classes of Pollutant 3

1.1 Inorganic ions 3

1.2 Organic pollutants 7

1.3 Organometallic compounds 18

1.4 Radioactive isotopes 18

1.5 Gaseous pollutants 21

Chapter 2 Routes by Which Pollutants Enter Ecosystems 23

2.1 Entry into surface waters 23

2.2 Contamination of land 26

2.3 Discharge into the atmosphere 28

2.4 Quantification of release of pollutants 31

Chapter 3 Long-range Movements and Global Transport of Pollutants 34

3.1 Factors determining movement and distribution of pollutants 34

3.2 Transport in water 38

3.3 Transport in air 39

3.4 Models for environmental distribution of chemicals 42

Chapter 4 The Fate of Metals and Radioactive Isotopes in Contaminated Ecosystems 46

4.2 Terrestrial ecosystems 48

4.3 Aquatic systems 55

Chapter 5 The Fate of Organic Pollutants in Individuals and in Ecosystems 59

5.1 Fate within individual organisms 60

5.2 Organic pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems 80

5.3 Organic pollutants in aquatic ecosystems 86

Part 2 Effects of Pollutants on Individual Organisms 91

Chapter 6 Toxicity Testing 93

6.1 General principles 93

6.2 Determination of the toxicity of mixtures 97

6.3 Toxicity testing with terrestrial organisms 98

6.4 Toxicity testing with aquatic organisms 107

6.5 Risk assessment 112

6.6 Toxicity testing in the field 113

6.7 Alternative methods in ecotoxicity testing 114

Chapter 7 Biochemical Effects of Pollutants 119

7.2 Protective biochemical responses 121

7.3 Molecular mechanisms of toxicity 122

7.4 Examples of molecular mechanisms of toxicity 124

Chapter 8 Physiological Effects of Pollutants 133

8.2 Effects of pollutants at the cellular level 134

8.3 Effects at the organ level 135

8.4 Effects at the whole organism level 139

8.5 Energy costs of physiological change 147

8.6 Effects on plants 151

Chapter 9 Interactive Effects of Pollutants 153

9.2 Additive effects 154

9.3 Potentiation of toxicity 156

9.4 Potentiation due to inhibition of detoxication 158

9.5 Potentiation due to increased activation 158

9.6 The detection of potentiation in the field 159

Chapter 10 Biomarkers 162

10.1 Classification of biomarkers 162

10.2 Specificity of biomarkers 164

10.3 Relationship of biomarkers to adverse effects 164

10.4 Discussion of specific biomarkers 167

10.5 Role of biomarkers in environmental risk assessment 176

Chapter 11 In Situ Biological Monitoring 179

11.2 Community effects (type 1 biomonitoring) 180

11.3 Bioconcentration of pollutants (type 2 biomonitoring) 183

11.4 Effects of pollutants (type 3 biomonitoring) 187

11.5 Genetically based resistance to pollution (type 4 biomonitoring) 190

Part 3 Effects of Pollutants on Populations and Communities 193

Chapter 12 Changes in Numbers: Population Dynamics 195

12.1 Population growth rate 196

12.2 Population growth rate depends on the properties of individual organisms 196

12.3 Density dependence 200

12.4 Identifying which factors are density dependent: k-value analysis 202

12.5 Interactions between species 202

12.6 Field studies: three case studies 205

Chapter 13 Evolution of Resistance to Pollution 220

13.1 Chronic pollution is environmental change 220

13.2 The evolutionary process in a constant environment 221

13.3 The evolution of resistance when there is a mortality-production trade-off 223

13.4 Evolutionary responses to environmental change 224

13.5 Resistance is often monogenic 228

Chapter 14 Changes in Communities and Ecosystems 238

14.2 Soil processes: the functional approach 239

14.3 Changes in communities in response to pollution 241

14.4 Global processes 246

Chapter 15 Biomarkers in Population Studies 248

15.1 DDE-induced eggshell thinning in raptorial and fish-eating birds 248

15.2 Reproductive failure of fish-eating birds on the Great Lakes of North America 254

15.3 Reproductive failure of molluscs caused by tributyl tin 259

15.4 Forest spraying in eastern Canada to control spruce budworm 261.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [275]-300) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Class of 1924 Book Fund.

ISBN:

0748409394

0748409408

OCLC:

43845582