Human performance : cognition, stress, and individual differences / Gerald Matthews ... [and others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Matthews, Gerald.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Performance.

Physical Description:

xviii, 398 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Hove [England] : Psychology Press ; Philadelphia, PA : Taylor & Francis, 2000.

Summary:

"Human Performance" provides the student and researcher with a comprehensive and accessible review of both performance in the real world, and essential cognitive science theory. "Human Performance" has four main sections that cover both theoretical and practical issues: - Section One outlines the perspective on performance offered by contemporary cognitive science, including information processing and neuroscience perspectives. - Section Two presents a multi-leveled view of the performer as biological organism, information-processor and intentional agent. It reviews the development of the cognitive theory of performance through experimental studies and also looks at practical issues such as human error. - Section Three reviews the impact of stress factors on performance such as noise, fatigue and illness. - Section Four assesses individual and group differences in performance with accounts of ability, personality and aging.

Contents:

1.1 What is performance psychology? 1

1.2 The historical roots of human performance psychology 3

1.3 The computational metaphor for performance 6

1.4 Applications of performance psychology 12

2. Modelling the cognitive architecture 21

2.1 Cognitive models of performance 21

2.2 Fundamental constructs of cognitive models 24

2.3 Parallel processing models 29

2.4 The energetics of cognition: Capacity, resources and attention 34

2.5 Voluntary control and strategy 35

2.6 Biological bases for performance 39

3. Key subsystems of the cognitive architecture 45

3.1 Introduction: Dividing the architecture into subsystems 45

3.2 Models for rapid response 47

3.3 Levels of control models 54

3.4 Models of memory for performance research 59

3.5 Working memory 63

4. Selective attention 67

4.1 Basic issues 67

4.2 Early vs. late selection 70

4.3 Contemporary selection theories 76

4.4 Priming and selection 80

5. Divided attention and workload 87

5.2 Constraints on dual-task performance 88

5.3 Resource theories 91

5.4 Workload assessment 97

5.5 Task similarity and dual-task interference 100

5.6 The future of resource theory 103

6. Vigilance and sustained attention 107

6.1 The assessment of performance in vigilance situations 110

6.2 Task factors affecting vigilance performance 113

6.3 Theories of vigilance 117

7. Skilled performance 125

7.1 The learning of skills 125

7.2 Theories of skill acquisition 128

7.3 Modelling skill acquisition using production systems 131

7.4 Motor and cognitive-motor skills 134

8. Human error 141

8.2 The human-machine interface 141

8.3 Approaches to human error 147

8.4 Errors and accidents 150

8.5 Individual differences in error proneness and accident liability 155

9. Stress, arousal and performance: An introduction 161

9.2 Stress and arousal 162

9.3 Arousal theory and the Yerkes-Dodson Law 164

9.4 Perspectives from cognitive psychology 169

9.5 Motivation and stress 171

9.6 Stress and the active control of performance 174

10. Noise and irrelevant speech 177

10.2 Noise and performance 180

10.3 Mechanisms for noise effects on performance 183

10.4 Contextual and situational effects 187

10.5 Susceptibility to the effects of noise 188

10.6 Irrelevant speech 189

11. Thermal stress and other physical stressors 193

11.2 Heat and performance 194

11.3 Cold and performance 199

11.4 Perils of the workplace: Other physical stressors 202

12. Fatigue and the energetics of performance 207

12.1 Introduction: Fatigue and energetics 207

12.2 Task-induced fatigue 208

12.3 Sleep deprivation 212

12.4 Time of day and circadian rhythms 216

12.5 Theories of fatigue revisited 222

13. Lifestyle and performance: Health, diet and drugs 225

13.1 Illness and performance 225

13.2 Acute illness: Colds and influenza 227

13.3 Chronic diseases 227

13.4 Nutrition 230

13.5 Drugs and performance 232

13.6 Alcohol and performance 233

13.7 Stimulants: Caffeine and nicotine 236

14. Individual differences in ability and performance 241

14.1 Investigating individual differences 241

14.2 Dimensions of individual differences in performance 243

14.3 Cognitive foundations of ability 246

14.4 Group differences in ability 251

14.5 Individual differences in skill acquisition 255

14.6 Abilities in the real world 259

15. Individual differences: Personality and mood 265

15.2 Extraversion 267

15.3 Anxiety and neuroticism 271

15.4 Mood states 277

15.5 Personality and occupational performance 279

15.6 Personality, performance and adaptation to real-world environments 281

16. Ageing and human performance 287

16.2 Methodological considerations in research on ageing and human performance 288

16.3 Age and sensory performance 289

16.4 Age and response speed 292

16.5 Age and attention 294

16.6 Age and memory 298

16.7 Age and job performance 301

16.8 Theories of age differences in performance 306

The biological performer 311

The information-processing performer 313

The intentional performer 314

The future of human performance research 315.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 317-372) and indexes.

ISBN:

0415044065

0415044073

OCLC:

43109904