Earthquake thermodynamics and phase transition in the earth's interior / edited by Roman Teisseyre, Eugeniusz Majewski.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Majewski, Eugeniusz.

Teisseyre, R. (Roman), 1929-

Series:

International geophysics series ; 76.

International geophysics series ; 76

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Seismology.

Earthquakes.

Terrestrial heat flow.

Phase transformations (Statistical physics).

Physical Description:

xxii, 674 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

San Diego, Calif. ; London : Academic, 2000.

Contents:

Part I Thermodynamics and Phase Transformations in the Earth's Interior

Chapter 1 The Composition of the Earth / William F. McDonough

1.1 Structure of the Earth 5

1.2 Chemical Constraints 7

1.3 Early Evolution of the Earth 20

Chapter 2 Thermodynamics of Chaos and Fractals Applied: Evolution of the Earth and Phase Transformations / Eugeniusz Majewski

2.1 Evolution of the Universe 25

2.2 Evolution of the Earth 28

2.3 Evolution Equations and Nonlinear Mappings 30

2.4 Strange Attractors 31

2.5 Examples of Maps 32

2.6 Concept of Temperature in Chaos Theory 33

2.7 Static and Dynamic States 33

2.8 Measures of Entropy and Information 35

2.9 The Lyapounov Exponents 39

2.10 Entropy Production 40

2.11 Entropy Budget of the Earth 43

2.12 The Evolution Criterion 48

2.13 The Driving Force of Evolution 49

2.14 Self-Organization Processes in Galaxies 50

2.15 Fractals 51

2.16 Thermodynamics of Multifractals 55

2.17 The Fractal Properties of Elastic Waves 58

2.18 Random Walk of Dislocations 61

2.19 Chaos in Phase Transformations 65

Chapter 3 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Nonhydrostatically Stressed Solids / Ichiko Shimizu

3.2 Review of Hydrostatic Thermodynamics 82

3.3 Conservation Equations 84

3.4 Constitutive Assumptions 86

3.5 Chemical Potential in Stress Fields 88

3.6 Driving Force of Diffusion and Phase Transition 92

3.7 Phase Equilibria under Stress 95

3.8 Flow Laws of Diffusional Creeps 99

Chapter 4 Experiments on Soret Diffusion Applied to Core Dynamics / Eugeniusz Majewski

4.1 Review of Experiments Simulating the Core

Mantle Interactions 103

4.2 Experiments on Soret Diffusion 114

4.3 Thermodynamic Modeling of the Core

Mantle Interactions 119

Part II Stress Evolution and Theory of Continuous Distribution of Self-Deformation Nuclei

Chapter 5 Deformation Dynamics: Continuum with Self-Deformation Nuclei / Roman Teisseyre

5.1 Self-Strain Nuclei and Compatibility Conditions 143

5.2 Deformation Measures 144

5.3 Thermal Nuclei 147

5.4 Thermal Nuclei and Dislocations in 2D 149

5.5 Defect Densities and Sources of Incompatibility 151

5.6 Geometrical Objects 153

5.7 Constitutive Relations 156

5.8 Constitutive Laws for Bodies with the Electric-Stress Nuclei 161

Chapter 6 Evolution, Propagation, and Diffusion of Dislocation Fields / Roman Teisseyre

6.1 Dislocation Density Flow 167

6.2 Dislocation-Stress Relations 171

6.3 Propagation and Flow Equations for the Dislocation-Related Stress Field 175

6.4 Splitting the Stress Motion Equation into Seismic Wave and Fault-Related Fields 189

6.5 Evolution of Dislocation Fields: Problem of Earthquake Prediction 194

Chapter 7 Statistical Theory of Dislocations / Henryk Zorski, Barbara Gambin, Wieslaw Larecki

7.2 Dynamics and Statistics of Discrete Defects 201

7.3 The Field Equations 203

7.4 Field Equations of Interacting Continua 214

7.5 Approximate Solutions (Multiscale Method) in the One-Dimensional Case 218

7.6 Continuous Distributions of Vacancies 224

Part III Earthquake Thermodynamics and Fracture Processes

Chapter 8 Thermodynamics of Point Defects / P. Varotsos, M. Lazaridou

8.1 Formation of Vacancies 231

8.2 Formation of Other Point Defects 241

8.3 Thermodynamics of the Specific Heat 244

8.4 Self-Diffusion 247

8.5 Relation of the Defect Parameters with Bulk Properties 252

Chapter 9 Thermodynamics of Line Defects and Earthquake Thermodynamics / Roman Teisseyre, Eugeniusz Majewski

9.2 Dislocation Superlattice 263

9.3 Equilibrium Distribution of Vacant Dislocations 265

9.4 Thermodynamic Functions Related to Superlattice 266

9.5 Gibbs Free Energy 268

9.6 The C[mu gamma Lambda superscript 2] Model 270

9.7 Earthquake Thermodynamics 271

9.8 Premonitory and Earthquake Fracture Theory 274

Chapter 10 Shear Band Thermodynamic Model of Fracturing / Roman Teisseyre

10.2 Jogs and Kinks 281

10.3 Shear Band Model 282

10.4 Energy Release and Stresses 283

10.5 Source Thickness and Seismic Efficiency 287

10.6 Shear and Tensile Band Model: Mining Shocks and Icequakes 288

10.7 Results for Earthquakes, Mine Shocks, and Icequakes 291

Chapter 11 Energy Budget of Earthquakes and Seismic Efficiency / Hiroo Kanamori

11.2 Energy Budget of Earthquakes 293

11.3 Stress on a Fault Plane 294

11.4 Seismic Moment and Radiated Energy 295

11.5 Seismic Efficiency and Radiation Efficiency 296

11.6 Relation between Efficiency and Rupture Speed 297

11.7 Efficiency of Shallow Earthquakes 299

11.8 Deep-Focus Earthquakes 303

Chapter 12 Coarse-Grained Models and Simulations for Nucleation, Growth, and Arrest of Earthquakes / John B. Rundle, W. Klein

12.2 Physical Picture 309

12.3 Two Models for Mainshocks 310

12.4 Consequences, Predictions, and Observational Tests 317

12.5 Final Remarks 319

Chapter 13 Thermodynamics of Fault Slip / Eugeniusz Majewski

13.2 Fault Entropy 324

13.3 Physical Interpretation 326

Chapter 14 Mechanochemistry: A Hypothesis for Shallow Earthquakes / Didier Sornette

14.2 Strain, Stress, and Heat Flow Paradoxes 329

14.3 Chemistry: Mineral Alteration and Chemical Transformation 333

14.4 Dynamics: Explosive Release of Chemical Energy 336

14.5 Dynamics: The Genuine Rupture 343

14.6 Consequences and Predictions 345

Appendix 1 Explosive Shock Neglecting Electric Effects 348

Appendix 2 Elastic

Electric Coupled Wave 354

Appendix 3 Structural Shock Including Electric Effects 357

Chapter 15 The Anticrack Mechanism of High-Pressure Faulting: Summary of Experimental Observations and Geophysical Implications / Harry W. Green, II

15.2 New Results 368

Chapter 16 Anticrack-Associated Faulting and Superplastic Flow in Deep Subduction Zones / Eugeniusz Majewski, Roman Teisseyre

16.2 Antidislocations 382

16.3 Anticrack Formation 386

16.4 Anticrack Development and Faulting 388

Chapter 17 Chaos and Stability in the Earthquake Source / Eugeniusz Majewski

17.2 Types of Lattice Defects in the Earthquake Source 400

17.3 Chaos in the Earthquake Source: Observational Evidence 403

17.4 Modeling the Defect Interactions 404

17.5 Stability 411

17.6 Statistical Approach 416

Chapter 18 Micromorphic Continuum and Fractal Properties of Faults and Earthquakes / Hiroyuki Nagahama, Roman Teisseyre

18.2 Micromorphic Continuum 426

18.3 Rotational Effects at the Epicenter Zones 428

18.4 Equation of Equilibrium in Terms of Displacements: Navier Equation and Laplace Equations 429

18.5 Propagation of Deformation along Elastic Plate Boundaries Overlying a Viscoelastic Foundation: Macroscale Governing Equation 431

18.6 Navier Equation, Laplace Field, and Fractal Pattern Formation of Fracturing 433

18.7 Size Distributions of Fractures in the Lithosphere 434

18.8 Relationship between Two Fractal Dimensions 434

18.9 Application of Scaling Laws to Crustal Deformations 435

Chapter 19 Physical and Chemical Properties Related to Defect Structure of Oxides and Silicates Doped with Water and Carbon Dioxide / Stanislaw Malinowski

19.2 General Properties of Magnesium and Other Metal Oxides 442

19.3 Symbols and Classification of Defects in Magnesium Oxide 445

19.4 Hydrogen and Peroxy Group Formation 448

19.5 Atomic Carbon in MgO Crystals 451

19.6 Dissolution of CO[subscript 2] in MgO 453

19.7 Dissolution of O[subscript 2] in MgO 453

19.8 Mechanism of Water Dissolution in Minerals 455

19.9 Formation of Peroxy Ions and Positive Holes in Silicates 457

Part IV Electric and Magnetic Fields Related to Defect Dynamics

Chapter 20 Electric Polarization Related to Defects and Transmission of the Related Signals / N.

Sarlis

20.1 Generation of Electric Signals in Ionic Crystals 463

20.2 Analytical Calculations for the Transmission of Electric Signals 470

20.3 Numerical Calculations 489

Chapter 21 Laboratory Investigation of the Electric Signals Preceding the Fracture of Crystalline Insulators / C. Mavromatou, V. Hadjicontis

21.2 Experimental Setup 502

21.3 Results 505

21.4 Interpretation 513

Chapter 22 Diffusion and Desorption of O[superscript -] Radicals: Anomalies of Electric Field, Electric Conductivity, and Magnetic Susceptibility as Related to Earthquake Processes / Roman Teisseyre

22.2 Water Dissolved in the Earth's Mantle 520

22.3 Emission of O[superscript -] Radicals 521

22.4 Hole Electric Current and Conductivity Anomalies 522

22.5 Earthquake-Related Effects 527

22.6 Paramagnetic Anomaly 528

22.7 Diffusion of O[superscript .] and Other Charge Carriers 529

Chapter 23 Electric and Electromagnetic Fields Related to Earthquake Formation / Roman Teisseyre, Hiroyuki Nagahama

23.2 Charged Dislocations and Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Charges 536

23.3 Electric Field Caused by Polarization and Motion of Charge Carriers 537

23.4 Dipole Moments and Electromagnetic Field Radiation 544

23.5 Simulations of Electric Current Generation and of Electromagnetic Fields 545

Chapter 24 Tectono- and Chemicomagnetic Effects in Tectonically Active Regions / Norihiro Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nagahama

24.2 Finslerian Continuum Mechanics for Magnetic Material Bodies 553

24.3 Reversible Modeling for Piezomagnetization 556

24.4 A Tectonomagnetic Model for Fault Creep 556

24.5 Chemical Reactions and Magnetic Properties of Rocks by Irreversible Thermodynamics 558

24.6 Geomagnetic Field Anomaly by the Induced Magnetization Changes 559

24.7 Implications for Tectono- and Chemicomagnetic Effects in Tectonically Active Regions 560

Part V Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Continua

Chapter 25 Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Continua / Krzysztof Wilmanski

25.1 Multicomponent Models in Geophysics 567

25.2 Thermodynamical Foundations of Fluid Mixtures 568

25.3 Some Models of Porous Materials 584

25.4 On Constraints in Models of Porous Materials 618

25.5 Wave Propagation in Porous Materials 631.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0126851859

OCLC:

44915770