High temperature properties and thermal decomposition of inorganic salts with oxyanions / Kurt H. Stern.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Stern, K. H. (Kurt H.)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Salts--Effect of temperature on.

Salts.

Salts--Deterioration.

Physical Description:

265 pages : illustrations ; 26 cm

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, [2001]

Summary:

Twenty years ago author Kurt Stern produced four monographs for the National Bureau of Standards on the high-temperature properties of inorganic salts containing oxyanions. Although relied upon by scientists and engineers around the world, these monographs have now become increasingly difficult to access and increasingly outdated. High Temperature Properties and Thermal Decomposition of Inorganic Salts with Oxyanions unifies, expands upon, and brings up-to-date those standard-setting documents. It offers both qualitative and quantitative information on the behavior and properties of approximately 300 compounds, complete with thermodynamic tables of decomposition equilibria and information regarding decomposition kinetics. For each class of compounds, an existence chart in the form of a periodic table tells you at a glance which compounds are known to exist, those whose existence is uncertain, and those about which nothing is known. Supplementary tables give information about phase transitions and densities in both solid and liquid phases. Within this single volume, the author provides a comprehensive, critical review of the high-temperature properties of all the major classes of inorganic salts with oxyanions. If you work with materials or processes that involve salts at elevated temperatures, you now have an authoritative resource that obviates the need to perform extensive literature searches, data evaluations, and thermodynamic calculations-and saves you time.

Contents:

1.2 Equilibrium Calculations 2

1.3 Phase Transitions 3

1.4 Density 3

1.5 Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition 4

1.5.2 Mechanism of Endothermic Solid State Decomposition 4

1.5.2.1 Kinetic Equations 5

1.5.2.1.1 Nucleus Formation 5

1.5.2.1.2 Growth of Nuclei 6

1.5.2.2 Surface Area Changes during Decomposition 8

1.5.3 The Effect of Pressure on Rate 9

1.5.4 Activation Energy 11

1.5.5 The Effect of Preparation Method on Rate 12

1.5.6 The Effect of Heat Transfer on Rate 12

1.5.7 The Influence of Crystal Defect Structure on Decomposition Rate 13

Chapter 2 Carbonates

2.1.1 Structure of the Carbonate Ion 15

2.1.2 General Features of Carbonate Decomposition 15

2.1.3 Phase Transitions 16

2.1.4 Density 16

2.2 CO, CO[subscript 2], and O[subscript 2] 16

2.3 The Individual Carbonates 17

2.3.1 Barium 17

2.3.2 Beryllium 17

2.3.3 Cadmium 17

2.3.4 Calcium 17

2.3.5 Cesium 17

2.3.6 Cobalt 17

2.3.7 Copper 18

2.3.8 Iron 18

2.3.9 Lead 18

2.3.10 Lithium 19

2.3.11 Magnesium 19

2.3.12 Manganese 19

2.3.13 Mercury 20

2.3.13.1 HgCO[subscript 3] 20

2.3.13.2 Hg[subscript 2]CO[subscript 3] 20

2.3.14 Nickel 20

2.3.15 Potassium 20

2.3.16 Rare Earths 20

2.3.17 Rubidium 21

2.3.18 Silver 21

2.3.19 Sodium 21

2.3.20 Strontium 21

2.3.21 Thallium 22

2.3.22 Zinc 22

Chapter 3 Sulfites

3.1 General 53

3.2 Individual Sulfites 53

3.2.1 Barium 53

3.2.2 Cadmium 54

3.2.3 Calcium 54

3.2.4 Cesium 54

3.2.5 Cobalt 54

3.2.6 Iron 54

3.2.7 Lead 55

3.2.8 Lithium 55

3.2.9 Magnesium 55

3.2.10 Manganese 55

3.2.11 Potassium 55

3.2.12 Rare Earths 55

3.2.13 Silver 56

3.2.14 Sodium 56

3.2.15 Strontium 56

3.2.16 Zinc 56

Chapter 4 Sulfates

4.1 General 59

4.2 Decomposition Equilibria 59

4.3 Individual Sulfates 60

4.3.1 Aluminum 60

4.3.2 Antimony 60

4.3.3 Barium 60

4.3.4 Beryllium 60

4.3.5 Bismuth 61

4.3.6 Cadmium 61

4.3.7 Calcium 61

4.3.8 Cesium 61

4.3.9 Chromium 61

4.3.10 Cobalt 62

4.3.11 Copper 62

4.3.12 Gallium 63

4.3.13 Hafnium 63

4.3.14 Indium 63

4.3.15 Iron 63

4.3.16 Lead 65

4.3.17 Lithium 65

4.3.18 Magnesium 65

4.3.19 Managanese 65

4.3.20 Mercury 66

4.3.21 Nickel 66

4.3.22 Potassium 66

4.3.23 Radium 66

Rare Earths 66

4.3.24 Cerium 68

4.3.25 Dysprosium 68

4.3.26 Erbium 68

4.3.27 Europium 68

4.3.28 Gadolinium 68

4.3.29 Holmium 68

4.3.30 Lanthanum 68

4.3.31 Neodymium 68

4.3.32 Praesodymium 68

4.3.33 Samarium 68

4.3.34 Terium 69

4.3.35 Thulium 69

4.3.36 Ytterbium 69

4.3.37 Rhodium 69

4.3.38 Rubidium 69

4.3.39 Scandium 69

4.3.40 Silver 69

4.3.41 Sodium 69

4.3.42 Strontium 70

4.3.43 Tantalum 70

4.3.44 Thallium 70

4.3.45 Thorium 70

4.3.46 Tin 70

4.3.47 Titanium 70

4.3.48 Uranium 71

4.3.49 Vanadium 71

4.3.50 Zinc 71

4.3.51 Zirconium 72

Chapter 5 Nitrites and Nitrates

5.1 Gaseous Equilibria in the N-O System 135

5.2 The Nitrites 135

5.3 The Nitrates 136

5.3.1 General 136

5.3.2 Decomposition Equilibria 137

5.4 Individual Nitrites and Nitrates 139

5.4.1 Aluminum 139

5.4.2 Barium 139

5.4.2.1 Ba(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 139

5.4.2.2 Ba(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 140

5.4.3 Beryllium 140

5.4.4 Bismuth 141

5.4.5 Cadmium 141

5.4.5.1 Cd(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 141

5.4.5.2 Cd(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 141

5.4.6 Calcium 141

5.4.6.1 Ca(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 141

5.4.6.2 Ca(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 142

5.4.7 Cesium 142

5.4.7.1 CsNO[subscript 2] 142

5.4.7.2 CsNO[subscript 3] 142

5.4.8 Chromium 142

5.4.9 Cobalt 143

5.4.9.1 Co(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 143

5.4.9.2 Co(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 143

5.4.10 Copper 143

5.4.10.1 Cu(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 143

5.4.10.2 Cu(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 143

5.4.11 Gallium 143

5.4.12 Gold 143

5.4.13 Hafnium 143

5.4.14 Indium 144

5.4.15 Iron 144

5.4.16 Lead 144

5.4.16.1 Pb(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 144

5.4.16.2 Pb(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 144

5.4.17 Lithium 145

5.4.17.1 LiNO[subscript 2] 145

5.4.17.2 LiNO[subscript 3] 145

5.4.18 Magnesium 146

5.4.19 Manganese 146

5.4.20 Mercury 146

5.4.20.1 Hg(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 146

5.4.20.2 HgNO[subscript 3] 146

5.4.20.3 Hg(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 146

5.4.21 Nickel 147

5.4.21.1 Ni(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 147

5.4.21.2 Ni(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 147

5.4.22 Palladium 147

5.4.22.1 Pd(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 147

5.4.22.2 Pd(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 147

5.4.23 Potassium 147

5.4.23.1 KNO[subscript 2] 147

5.4.23.2 KNO[subscript 3] 148

5.4.24 Radium 148

5.4.25 Rare Earths 148

5.4.25.1 Nitrites 148

5.4.25.2 Nitrates 149

5.4.26 Rubidium 149

5.4.26.1 RbNO[subscript 2] 149

5.4.26.2 RbNO[subscript 3] 149

5.4.27 Scandium 150

5.4.28 Silver 150

5.4.28.1 AgNO[subscript 2] 150

5.4.28.2 AgNO[subscript 3] 150

5.4.29 Sodium 150

5.4.29.1 NaNO[subscript 2] 150

5.4.29.2 NaNO[subscript 3] 151

5.4.30 Strontium 151

5.4.30.1 Sr(NO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 151

5.4.30.2 Sr(NO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 152

5.4.31 Thallium 152

5.4.31.1 TlNO[subscript 2] 152

5.4.31.2 TlNO[subscript 3] 153

5.4.32 Thorium 153

5.4.33 Tin 153

5.4.34 Titanium 153

5.4.35 Zinc 153

5.4.36 Zirconium 153

Chapter 6 Oxysalts of the Halogens

6.1 General 185

6.2 Phase Transitions 185

6.3 Density 185

6.4 Chemistry of the Halogen Oxysalts 185

Chapter 7 Oxysalts of Chlorine

7.1 General 189

7.2 Classes of Oxychlorine Salts 189

7.2.1 Chlorites 189

7.2.2 Chlorates 190

7.2.3 Perchlorates 192

7.3 Individual Salts 192

7.3.1 Aluminum 192

7.3.2 Barium 192

7.3.2.1 Ba(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 192

7.3.2.2 Ba(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 193

7.3.2.3 Ba(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 193

7.3.3 Cadmium 193

7.3.3.1 Cd(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 193

7.3.3.2 Cd(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 194

7.3.4 Calcium 194

7.3.4.1 Ca(ClO)[subscript 2] 194

7.3.4.2 Ca(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 194

7.3.4.3 Ca(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 194

7.3.4.4 Ca(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 194

7.3.5 Cesium 195

7.3.5.1 CsClO[subscript 2] 195

7.3.5.2 CsClO[subscript 3] 195

7.3.5.3 CsClO[subscript 4] 195

7.3.6 Cobalt 196

7.3.7 Copper 196

7.3.7.1 Cu(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 196

7.3.7.2 CuClO[subscript 4] 196

7.3.7.3 Cu(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 196

7.3.8 Iron 197

7.3.8.1 Fe(ClO[subscript 4]) 197

7.3.9 Lead 197

7.3.9.1 Pb(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 197

7.3.9.2 Pb(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 197

7.3.9.3 Pb(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 197

7.3.10 Lithium 197

7.3.10.1 LiClO 197

7.3.10.2 LiClO[subscript 2] 198

7.3.10.3 LiClO[subscript 3] 198

7.3.10.4 LiClO[subscript 4] 198

7.3.11 Magnesium 199

7.3.11.1 Mg(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 199

7.3.11.2 Mg(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 199

7.3.11.3 Mg(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 199

7.3.12 Manganese 200

7.3.13 Mercury 200

7.3.13.1 Hg[subscript 2](ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.13.2 Hg(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.13.3 Hg(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.13.4 Hg[subscript 2](ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.14 Nickel 200

7.3.14.1 Ni(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.14.2 Ni(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 200

7.3.15 Potassium 201

7.3.15.1 KClO[subscript 2] 201

7.3.15.2 KClO[subscript 3] 201

7.3.15.3 KClO[subscript

4] 202

7.3.16 Rare Earths 203

7.3.16.1 Chlorites 203

7.3.16.2 Chlorates 203

7.3.16.3 Perchlorates 203

7.3.17 Rubidium 204

7.3.17.1 RbClO[subscript 2] 204

7.3.17.2 RbClO[subscript 3] 204

7.3.17.3 RbClO[subscript 4] 204

7.3.18 Scandium 205

7.3.19 Silver 205

7.3.19.1 AgClO[subscript 2] 205

7.3.19.2 AgClO[subscript 3] 205

7.3.19.3 AgClO[subscript 4] 206

7.3.20 Sodium 206

7.3.20.1 NaClO[subscript 2] 206

7.3.20.2 NaClO[subscript 3] 206

7.3.20.3 NaClO[subscript 4] 207

7.3.21 Strontium 208

7.3.21.1 Sr(ClO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 208

7.3.21.2 Sr(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 208

7.3.21.3 Sr(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 208

7.3.22 Thallium 208

7.3.22.1 TlClO[subscript 2] 208

7.3.22.2 TlClO[subscript 3] 208

7.3.22.3 TlClO[subscript 4] 209

7.3.23 Thorium 209

7.3.23.1 Th(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 4] 209

7.3.24 Tin 209

7.3.24.1 Perchlorates 209

7.3.25 Yttrium 209

7.3.25.1 Y(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 209

7.3.26 Zinc 209

7.3.26.1 Zn(ClO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 209

7.3.26.2 Zn(ClO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 210

Chapter 8 Oxysalts of Bromine

8.1 General 221

8.2 Classes of Oxybromine Salts 221

8.2.1 Bromites 221

8.2.2 Bromates 221

8.2.3 Perbromates 224

8.3 Individual Bromine Oxysalts 224

8.3.1 Barium 224

8.3.1.1 Ba(BrO[subscript 2])[subscript 2] 224

8.3.1.2 Ba(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 224

8.3.1.3 Ba(BrO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 225

8.3.2 Cadmium 225

8.3.2.1 Cd(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 225

8.3.3 Calcium 225

8.3.3.1 Ca(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 225

8.3.3.2 Ca(BrO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 225

8.3.4 Cesium 226

8.3.4.1 CsBrO[subscript 3] 226

8.3.4.2 CsBrO[subscript 4] 226

8.3.5 Copper 226

8.3.5.1 Cu(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 226

8.3.6 Lead 226

8.3.6.1 Pb(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 226

8.3.7 Lithium 226

8.3.7.1 LiBrO[subscript 2] 226

8.3.7.2 LiBrO[subscript 3] 227

8.3.7.3 LiBrO[subscript 4] 227

8.3.8 Magnesium 227

8.3.8.1 Mg(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 227

8.3.8.2 Mg(BrO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 227

8.3.9 Mercury 227

8.3.9.1 HgBrO[subscript 3] 227

8.3.9.2 Hg(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 228

8.3.10 Nickel 228

8.3.10.1 Ni(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 228

8.3.11 Potassium 228

8.3.11.1 KBrO[subscript 3] 228

8.3.11.2 KBrO[subscript 4] 228

8.3.12 Rare Earths 228

8.3.12.1 Bromates 228

8.3.13 Rubidium 229

8.3.13.1 RbBrO[subscript 3] 229

8.3.13.2 RbBrO[subscript 4] 229

8.3.14 Silver 229

8.3.14.1 AgBrO[subscript 3] 229

8.3.15 Sodium 229

8.3.15.1 NaBrO[subscript 3] 229

8.3.15.2 NaBrO[subscript 4] 230

8.3.16 Strontium 230

8.3.16.1 Sr(BrO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 230

8.3.16.2 Sr(BrO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 230

8.3.17 Thallium 230

8.3.17.1 TlBrO[subscript 3] 230

8.3.18 Zinc 231

Chapter 9 Oxysalts of Iodine

9.1 General 237

9.2 Classes of Oxyiodine Salts 237

9.2.1 Iodites 237

9.2.2 Iodates 237

9.2.3 Periodates 240

9.3 Individual Salts 241

9.3.1 Aluminum 241

9.3.1.1 Al(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 241

9.3.2 Barium 241

9.3.2.1 Ba(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 241

9.3.2.2 Ba(IO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 241

9.3.2.3 Ba[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 241

9.3.3 Bismuth 241

9.3.4 Cadmium 242

9.3.4.1 Cd(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 242

9.3.4.2 Cd[subscript 3](IO[subscript 5])[subscript 2] 242

9.3.4.3 Cd[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 242

9.3.4.4 Cd[subscript 2]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 242

9.3.5 Calcium 242

9.3.5.1 Ca(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2], Ca[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 242

9.3.5.2 CaI[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 243

9.3.6 Cesium 243

9.3.6.1 CsIO[subscript 3] 243

9.3.6.2 CsIO[subscript 4] 243

9.3.7 Chromium 244

9.3.7.1 Cr(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 244

9.3.8 Cobalt 244

9.3.8.1 Co(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 244

9.3.9 Copper 244

9.3.9.1 Cu(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 244

9.3.10 Indium 244

9.3.10.1 In(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 244

9.3.10.2 InIO[subscript 5] 244

9.3.11 Iron 244

9.3.11.1 Fe(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 244

9.3.11.2 Fe[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 245

9.3.11.3 Fe(IO[subscript 4])[subscript 3] 245

9.3.11.4 Fe[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 3] 245

9.3.12 Lead 245

9.3.12.1 Pb(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 245

9.3.12.2 Pb(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 4] 245

9.3.12.3 Pb(IO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 245

9.3.12.4 Pb[subscript 3](IO[subscript 5])[subscript 2] 245

9.3.13 Lithium 245

9.3.13.1 LiIO[subscript 3] 245

9.3.13.2 Li[subscript 2]IO[subscript 4] 246

9.3.13.3 Li[subscript 5]IO[subscript 6] 246

9.3.14 Magnesium 246

9.3.14.1 Mg(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 246

9.3.14.2 Mg(IO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 246

9.3.14.3 Mg[subscript 2]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 246

9.3.15 Manganese 247

9.3.15.1 Mn(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.15.2 Mn[subscript 3](IO[subscript 5])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.16 Mercury 247

9.3.16.1 Hg[subscript 2](IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.16.2 Hg(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.16.3 Hg[subscript 2](IO[subscript 4])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.16.4 Hg[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 247

9.3.16.5 Hg[subscript 4]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 247

9.3.17 Nickel 248

9.3.17.1 Ni(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 248

9.3.17.2 Ni[subscript 3](IO[subscript 5])[subscript 2] 248

9.3.17.3 Ni[subscript 2]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 4] 248

9.3.18 Plutonium 248

9.3.18.1 Pu(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 4] 248

9.3.19 Potassium 248

9.3.19.1 KIO[subscript 3] 248

9.3.19.1.1 Periodates 249

9.3.19.2 KIO[subscript 4] 249

9.3.19.3 K[subscript 4]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] (2 K[subscript 2]O.I[subscript 2]O[subscript 7]) 249

9.3.19.4 K[subscript 3]IO[subscript 5] (3 K[subscript 2]O.I[subscript 2]O[subscript 7]) 249

9.3.19.5 K[subscript 5]IO[subscript 6] (5 K[subscript 2]O.I[subscript 2]O[subscript 7]) 249

9.3.20 Radium 249

9.3.20.1 Ra(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 249

9.3.21 Rare Earths 250

9.3.21.1 Iodates 250

9.3.21.2 Periodates 250

9.3.22 Rubidium 250

9.3.22.1 RbIO[subscript 3] 250

9.3.22.2 RbIO[subscript 4] 251

9.3.23 Silver 251

9.3.23.1 AgIO[subscript 3] 251

9.3.23.2 AgIO[subscript 4] 251

9.3.23.3 AgIO[subscript 5] 251

9.3.23.4 Ag[subscript 5]IO[subscript 6] 251

9.3.23.5 Ag[subscript 4]I[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 252

9.3.24 Sodium 252

9.3.24.1 NaIO[subscript 2] 252

9.3.24.2 NaIO[subscript 3] 252

9.3.24.3 Na[subscript 2]IO[subscript 4] 252

9.3.24.4 NaIO[subscript 4] 252

9.3.24.5 Na[subscript 5]IO[subscript 6] 253

9.3.25 Strontium 253

9.3.25.1 Sr(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 253

9.3.25.2 Sr[subscript 5](IO[subscript 6])[subscript 2] 253

9.3.25.3 SrI[subscript 2]O[subscript 9] 253

9.3.26 Thallium 253

9.3.26.1 Tl(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 253

9.3.26.2 Tl[subscript 5]IO[subscript 6] 254

9.3.27 Thorium 254

9.3.27.1 Th(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 4] 254

9.3.28 Titanium 254

9.3.28.1 Ti(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 4] 254

9.3.29 Yttrium 254

9.3.29.1 Y(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 3] 254

9.3.29.2 YIO[subscript 5] 254

9.3.30 Zinc 254

9.3.30.1 Zn(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 2] 254

9.3.30.2 Zn(IO[subscript 5])[subscript 2] 255

9.3.31 Zirconium 255

9.3.31.1 Zr(IO[subscript 3])[subscript 4] 255.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

0849302560

OCLC:

44167585