Zoo and aquarium history : ancient animal collections to zoological gardens / edited by Vernon N. Kisling, Jr.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Kisling, Vernon N.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Zoos--History.

Zoos.

Menageries--History.

Menageries.

Public aquariums--History.

Public aquariums.

History.

Physical Description:

415 pages : illustrations ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press, [2001]

Summary:

As one of the world's most popular cultural activities, wild animal collections have been attracting visitors for 5,000 years. Under the direction of Vernon N. Kisling, an expert in zoo history, an international team of authors has compiled the first comprehensive, global history of animal collections, menageries, zoos, and aquariums. Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Animal Collections to Zoological Gardens documents the continuum of efforts in maintaining wild animal collections from ancient civilizations through today. Although historical research on zoos and aquariums is still at a rudimentary stage, this book pulls together regional information along with the cultural aspects of each region to provide a foundation upon which further research can be based. It presents a chronological listing of the world's zoos and aquariums and features many never-before published photographs. Sidebars present supplementary information on pertinent personalities, events, and wildlife conservation issues. As an overview of the current state of our knowledge, Zoo and Aquarium History: Ancient Animal Collections to Zoological Gardens provides an extensive, chronological introduction to the subject and highlights the published and archival resources for those who want to know more.

Contents:

1 Ancient Collections and Menageries / Vernon N. Kisling, Jr.

1.2 Keeping Wild Animals 2

1.2.1 Environmental Knowledge 2

1.2.2 Domestication of Wild Animals 5

1.2.3 Beyond Domestication

Collecting Wild Animals 7

1.3 Ancient Collections 8

1.3.1 Mesopotamian Collections 8

1.3.2 Ancient Egyptian Collections 12

1.3.3 Ancient Asian Collections

India and China 16

1.3.4 Greek and Roman Collections 17

1.3.5 Persian and Arab Collections 21

1.3.6 Medieval Collections 21

1.3.7 Aztec and Inca Collections 25

1.4 Menageries 28

1.4.1 European Menageries 28

1.4.2 Colonial Menageries 33

1.4.3 Evolution of the Zoo and Aquarium 37

2 Zoological Gardens of Great Britain / Clinton H. Keeling

2.2 The Tower Menagerie 50

2.3 Estate Collections and the Windsor Great Park 56

2.4 The Exeter 'Change 58

2.5 Three Nineteenth-Century Private Collections 60

2.6 Zoological Gardens at Surrey and Liverpool 61

2.7 Manchester Zoological Gardens and the Belle Vue Zoo 65

2.8 Zoological Gardens at Edinburgh, Bristol, Hull, and Preston 66

2.9 Zoological Gardens at Paignton, Chester, and Dudley 67

2.10 London Zoological Garden 68

2.11 Zoological Gardens at Whipsnade and Jersey 72

3 Zoological Gardens of Western Europe / Harro Strehlow

3.2 Post-Medieval Collections to Modern Zoos 75

3.2.1 Game Parks, Falconries, and Pheasantries 76

3.2.2 Deer Moats, Bear Pits, and Lion Cages 78

3.2.3 Menageries 80

3.2.4 Transition from Menagerie to Modern Zoo

Schonbrunn and Berlin 83

3.2.5 Transition from Menagerie to Modern Zoo

Jardin des Plantes 89

3.3 Early Modern Zoos 90

3.3.1 The Exotic Style and the Systematic Zoo 97

3.3.2 The Hagenbeck Revolution 102

3.4 Modern Zoos 104

3.4.1 Zoos of the Early Twentieth Century 104

3.4.2 Zoos of the Late Twentieth Century 108

4 Zoological Gardens of Central-Eastern Europe and Russia / Leszek Solski

4.2 Poland 117

4.2.1 Wild Animal Keeping in Poland through the Nineteenth Century 117

4.2.2 Origin of Modern Polish Zoos to 1939 119

4.2.3 Polish Zoos during and after World War II 122

4.2.4 General Characteristics and Comments on Polish Zoos 130

4.3 Russia 132

4.3.1 Wild Animal Keeping in Russia through the Nineteenth Century 132

4.3.2 Origin of Modern Zoos in Russia to 1917 133

4.4 Soviet Union 135

4.4.1 Soviet Zoos

Political and Economic Realities 135

4.4.2 Russian Zoos in the Soviet Union 137

4.4.3 Other Zoos in the Soviet Union 139

4.4.4 General Characteristics and Comments on Soviet Zoos 140

4.5 Czech and Slovak Republics 140

4.6 Hungary 142

4.7 Bulgaria 143

4.8 General Comments on Central-Eastern European Zoos 145

5 Zoological Gardens of the United States / Vernon N. Kisling, Jr.

5.2 Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Menageries 147

5.3 Nineteenth-Century Zoos and Aquariums 150

5.4 Twentieth-Century Zoos and Aquariums 164

6 Zoological Gardens of Australia / Catherine de Courcy

6.2 Foundation and Development, 1857 to 1920 182

6.2.1 Origins 182

6.2.2 Enclosure Design 186

6.2.3 The Animal Collections 188

6.2.4 Early Development of the Four Objectives 192

6.2.5 Visitors 197

6.3 Survival, 1920-1960 198

6.3.1 Enclosure Design and the Animal Collection 198

6.3.2 Hallstrom and Taronga Zoo 200

6.3.3 Survival of the Four Objectives 201

6.4 Modernization, 1960 to the Present 202

6.4.1 Modernization of the Four Objectives 205

6.4.2 Visitors 211

7 Zoological Gardens of Asia / Sally Walker

7.2 Southwest Asia 215

7.2.1 Afghanistan 217

7.2.2 Cyprus 218

7.2.3 Iran 218

7.2.4 Iraq 219

7.2.5 Israel 219

7.2.6 Jordan 221

7.2.7 Kuwait 221

7.2.8 Oman 221

7.2.9 Saudi Arabia 222

7.2.10 Turkey 222

7.2.11 United Arab Emirates 223

7.2.12 Yemen 223

7.3 South Asia 223

7.3.1 Bangladesh 223

7.3.2 Bhutan 224

7.3.3 Nepal 224

7.3.4 Pakistan 225

7.3.5 Sri Lanka 226

7.4 Southeast Asia 228

7.4.1 Brunei 229

7.4.2 Cambodia 229

7.4.3 Laos 229

7.4.4 Malaysia 229

7.4.5 Myanmar 231

7.4.6 Philippines 231

7.4.7 Singapore 232

7.4.8 Thailand 233

7.4.9 Vietnam 235

7.5 Indonesia 236

7.5.1 Java 237

7.5.2 Sumatra 238

7.6 East Asia 239

7.6.1 Hong Kong 239

7.6.2 Korea 240

7.6.3 Macau 240

7.6.4 Taiwan 240

7.6.5 China 241

8 Zoological Gardens of India / Sally Walker

8.2 Ancients and Invaders

Vedics, Guptas, Moguls, Europeans 252

8.2.1 The Vedic Period

Spiritual and Mystical Values 252

8.2.2 The Gupta and Mogul Periods 253

8.2.3 The European Period

Utilitarian or Mechanistic Values 256

8.3 Nineteenth-Century Indian Zoos 257

8.3.1 Calcutta's Wild Animal Collections

Four Early Ones 257

8.3.2 Old Madras State Zoos 265

8.3.3 Kerala Trivandrum (Old Travancore State) and Trichur Zoos 269

8.3.4 Sakkarbaug Zoo and the Gir Lions 270

8.3.5 Maharastra State and the Bombay Zoo 270

8.3.6 Princely Zoos 271

8.3.7 Old Mysore's Zoos 274

8.3.8 Early Collections Not Normally Mentioned 276

8.4 Twentieth-Century Indian Zoos 277

8.4.1 Modern Zoos and the National Zoological Park 277

8.4.2 Indian Crocodile Project and Specialist Zoos 283

8.5 Indian Zoos and Wildlife 284

8.5.1 Indian Board for Wildlife and Wildlife Protection Act 285

8.5.2 Management of Zoos in India 286

8.5.3 The Future of Indian Zoos 289

9 Zoological Gardens of Japan / Ken Kawata

9.2 Historical Overview 295

9.2.1 Pre-Restoration Era 295

9.2.2 The Emergence of Modern Zoos 296

9.2.3 World War II and Beyond 298

9.3 Institutional Overview 302

9.3.1 The Setting 302

9.3.2 Zoos 302

9.3.3 Aquariums 303

9.3.4 Traveling Menageries and Safari Parks 304

9.3.5 Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums 305

9.4 Administrative Overview 306

9.4.1 Governing Authorities 306

9.4.2 Marketing and Events 311

9.4.3 Philanthropy 312

9.4.4 Animals as Commodities 312

9.5 Animal Collections 313

9.5.1 Marveling at Giraffe 313

9.5.2 Animal News Makers 313

9.5.4 Breeding Programs 317

9.5.5 Research Activities 322

9.6 Internationalization and Cultural Uniqueness 323

9.6.1 The Sakoku Factor 323

9.6.2 Environmental Awareness 324

9.6.3 Penchant for Group Acceptance 325

9.6.4 Uncharted Waters 325

10 Zoological Gardens of Africa / Wilhelmus Labuschagne, Sally Walker

10.2 Arab Republic of Egypt 331

10.2.1 Giza Zoological Gardens 331

10.2.2 Other Egyptian and Sudanese Territory Zoos 339

10.3 Sub-Saharan Africa 342

10.3.1 Kenya 342

10.3.2 Republic of South Africa 342

10.3.3 Other African Nations 346

10.4 African Region 347

10.4.1 Malagasy Republic (Madagascar) 347

10.4.2 Mauritius 347

11 Zoological Gardens of South America / James F. Ellis, Jr., Georgeann A.

Ellis

11.2 Brazilian Zoos 351

11.2.1 The North (Norte) 353

11.2.2 The Northeast (Nordeste) 355

11.2.3 The Center-West (Centro-Oeste) 355

11.2.4 The Southeast (Sudeste) 356

11.2.5 The South (Sul) 358

11.3 Parque Zoobotanico Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi 359

11.4 South American Zoos in Other Countries 362

11.4.1 Argentina 362

11.4.2 Bolivia 363

11.4.3 Colombia 364

11.4.4 Venezuela 364

Appendix Zoos and Aquariums of the World

Zoological Gardens of Great Britain 369

Zoological Gardens of Western Europe 371

Austria 371

Belgium 371

Denmark 371

Finland 371

France 371

Germany 372

Italy 373

The Netherlands 373

Portugal 373

Spain 373

Sweden 373

Switzerland 373

Zoological Gardens of Eastern Europe 374

Bulgaria 374

Czech and Slovak Republics 374

Hungary 374

Poland 374

Russia and Former Soviet Union 375

Zoological Gardens of the United States 375

Zoological Gardens of Australia 380

Zoological Gardens of Asia 380

Southwest Asia (Middle East) 380

South Asia 381

Southeast Asia 381

Indonesia 382

East Asia 382

Zoological Gardens of India 382

Zoological Gardens of Japan 384

Zoological Gardens of Africa 387

Zoological Gardens of South and Central America 387

Argentina 387

Bolivia 388

Brazil 388

Chile 389

Colombia 389

Guyana 389

Peru 389

Venezuela 389

Central America 390.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

084932100X

OCLC:

43903481