Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids : a report of the Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds, Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients and [on] Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, [and the] Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Antioxidants.

Reference values (Medicine).

Vitamin C.

Vitamin E.

Carotenoids.

Nutritional Requirements.

Ascorbic Acid.

Reference Values.

Selenium.

Medical Subjects:

Nutritional Requirements.

Ascorbic Acid.

Carotenoids.

Reference Values.

Selenium.

Vitamin E.

Physical Description:

xx, 506 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Other Title:

DRI

DRIs

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, [2000]

Contents:

What Are Dietary Reference Intakes? 2

Approach for Setting Dietary Reference Intakes 6

Nutrient Functions and the Indicators Used to Estimate Requirements for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and the Carotenoids 12

Criteria and Proposed Values for Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 13

Using Dietary Reference Intakes 14

Definition of a Dietary Antioxidant 17

Evidence of Oxidative Stress and the Risk of Chronic Degenerative Disease 17

Recommendations 19

1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 21

What Are Dietary Reference Intakes? 21

Categories of Dietary Reference Intakes 22

Parameters for Dietary Reference Intakes 27

2 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and [beta]-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Overview, Antioxidant Definition, and Relationship to Chronic Disease 35

Definition and Criteria for a Dietary Antioxidant 42

Oxidative Stress, Antioxidants, and Chronic Disease 44

3 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and [beta]-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Methods 58

Methodological Considerations 58

Estimates of Laboratory Values 67

Nutrient Intake Estimates 67

Dietary Intakes in the United States and Canada 69

4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients 73

Model for Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 75

Risk Assessment and Food Safety 75

Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients 80

Steps in the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 84

Intake Assessment 92

Risk Characterization 92

5 Vitamin C 95

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Vitamin C 101

Factors Affecting the Vitamin C Requirement 128

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 134

Intake of Vitamin C 154

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 155

Research Recommendations for Vitamin C 165

6 Vitamin E 186

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for [alpha]-Tocopherol 203

Factors Affecting the Vitamin E Requirement 224

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 226

Intake of Vitamin E 243

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 249

Research Recommendations for Vitamin E 260

7 Selenium 284

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Selenium 287

Factors Affecting the Selenium Requirement 291

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 292

Intake of Selenium 308

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 311

Research Recommendations for Selenium 318

8 [beta]-Carotene and Other Carotenoids 325

Selection of Possible Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for [beta]-Carotene and Other Carotenoids 331

Factors Affecting Carotenoid Bioavailability 354

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 358

Intake of Carotenoids 360

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 366

Research Recommendations for [beta]-Carotene and Other Carotenoids 371

9 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 383

Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Individuals 384

Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups 387

Planning Nutrient Intakes of Individuals 392

Planning Nutrient Intakes of Groups 392

Nutrient-Specific Considerations 393

10 A Research Agenda 401

Approach 401

Major Knowledge Gaps 402

The Research Agenda 406

A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 409

C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 416

D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996 432

E Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1993, 1995 438

F Serum Values from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 440

G Options for Dealing with Uncertainties 458.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0309069491

0309069351

OCLC:

43701939