Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B₆, folate, vitamin B₁₂, pantothenic acid, biotin, and choline / a report of the Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes and its Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline and Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes.

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Panel on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline.

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Vitamin B in human nutrition.

Reference values (Medicine).

Physical Description:

xxii, 564 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, [1998]

Summary:

For each nutrient this helpful reference presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, what the best method is to determine its requirements, which factors (caffeine or exercise, for example) may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease.

Contents:

What Are Dietary Reference Intakes? 2

Comparison of Recommended Dietary Allowances and Adequate Intakes 6

Approach for Setting Dietary Reference Intakes 6

Criteria and Proposed Values for Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 12

Using Dietary Reference Intakes to Assess the Nutrient Intake of Groups 14

How to Meet Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intakes 14

Recommendations 15

1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes 17

What Are Dietary Reference Intakes? 17

Categories of Dietary Reference Intakes 18

Parameters for Dietary Reference Intakes 23

2 The B Vitamins and Choline: Overview and Methods 27

Methodological Considerations 28

Estimates of Laboratory Values 34

Estimates of Nutrient Intake 35

Dietary Intakes in the United States and Canada 36

3 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 41

A Model for the Derivation of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 42

Risk Assessment and Food Safety 42

Application of the Risk Assessment Model to Nutrients 47

Steps in the Development of the Tolerable Upper Intake Level 50

4 Thiamin 58

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Thiamin 60

Factors Affecting the Thiamin Requirement 62

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 65

Intake of Thiamin 79

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 81

Research Recommendations for Thiamin 82

5 Riboflavin 87

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Riboflavin 90

Factors Affecting the Riboflavin Requirement 95

Approaches for Deriving the Estimated Average Requirement 97

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 103

Intake of Riboflavin 113

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 115

Research Recommendations for Riboflavin 117

6 Niacin 123

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Niacin 126

Factors Affecting the Niacin Requirement 128

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 130

Intake of Niacin 137

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 138

Research Recommendations for Niacin 145

7 Vitamin B[subscript 6] 150

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Vitamin B[subscript 6] 154

Factors Affecting the Vitamin B[subscript 6] Requirement 160

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 164

Intake of Vitamin B[subscript 6] 179

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 182

Research Recommendations for Vitamin B[subscript 6] 188

8 Folate 196

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Folate 200

Methodological Issues 205

Factors Affecting the Folate Requirement 207

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 214

Reducing Risk of Developmental Disorders and Chronic Degenerative Disease 240

Intake of Folate 269

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 273

Research Recommendations for Folate 283

9 Vitamin B[subscript 12] 306

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Vitamin B[subscript 12] 312

Methodological Issues 315

Diagnosis 316

Factors Affecting the Vitamin B[subscript 12] Requirement 318

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 322

Intake of Vitamin B[subscript 12] 342

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 346

Research Recommendations for Vitamin B[subscript 12] 348

10 Pantothenic Acid 357

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Pantothenic Acid 359

Factors Affecting the Pantothenic Acid Requirement 361

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 362

Intake of Pantothenic Acid 368

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 370

Research Recommendations for Pantothenic Acid 371

11 Biotin 374

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Biotin 378

Factors Affecting the Biotin Requirement 380

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 380

Intake of Biotin 384

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 384

Research Recommendations for Biotin 385

12 Choline 390

Selection of Indicators for Estimating the Requirement for Choline 396

Factors Affecting the Choline Requirement 398

Findings by Life Stage and Gender Group 400

Intake of Choline 406

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 408

Research Recommendations for Choline 413

13 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 423

Using Recommended Dietary Allowances 424

Using Adequate Intakes 425

Using Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 426

Using Estimated Average Requirements 427

Other Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes 432

Specific Applications 432

14 A Research Agenda 437

Approach 437

Important Features of Studies to Estimate Requirements 438

Major Knowledge Gaps 439

The Research Agenda 442

A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes 443

C Systeme International d'Unites 451

D Search Strategies 453

E Methodological Problems Associated with Laboratory Values and Food Composition Data for B Vitamins 456

F Dietary Intake Data from the Boston Nutritional Status Survey, 1981-1984 460

G Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1995 466

H Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 478

I Daily Intakes of B Vitamins by Canadian Men and Women, 1990, 1993 502

J Options for Dealing with Uncertainties in Developing Tolerable Upper Intake Levels 507

K Blood Concentrations of Folate and Vitamin B[subscript 12] from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994 512

L Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase 520

M Evidence from Animal Studies on the Etiology of Neural Tube Defects 523

N Estimation of the Period Covered by Vitamin B[subscript 12] Stores 527

O Biographical Sketche 531

SUMMARY TABLE, Dietary Reference Intakes: Recommended Intakes for Individuals 566.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0309065542

0309064112

OCLC:

43657021