Integrative plant anatomy / William C. Dickison.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Dickison, William C.

Contributor:

Elizabeth Bowers Peck, 1929 Endowment Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plant anatomy.

Plant physiology.

Plants--anatomy & histology.

Medical Subjects:

Plants--anatomy & histology.

Physical Description:

xvii, 533 pages, 4 unnumbered pages of plates : illustrations (some color) ; 27 cm

Place of Publication:

San Diego, Calif. : Academic, 2000.

Summary:

Plant anatomy is the developmental and comparative study of plant cells and tissues--a botanical discipline with a long tradition. Historically, most courses in plant anatomy--and much anatomical research--has centered on systematic, phylogenetic, developmental, and functional aspects of plants. Although a number of comprehensive texts and references emphasizing one or more of these approaches have been published, anatomy has not received its due as a botanical subdiscipline of central importance.

This text addresses the central role of anatomy by consolidating previously scattered information into a single volume. It highlights the important contribution made by studying anatomy to the solutions of a number of present and future problems. It succeeds in integrating diverse areas of botany, as well as the non-biological sciences, the arts, and numerous other fields of human endeavor.

The text is primarily for students of botany or plant biology, or biology majors requiring some familiarity with plant anatomy. It is particularly useful for agricultural students who need to know more applied plant physiology, plant pathology, horticulture, and crop science.

Contents:

I Anatomical Foundation of the Plant Body: An Overview 1

1 Plant Growth, Development, and Cellular Organization 3

Plant Growth 3

Meristem Function 4

Cell Differentiation 6

Terms Used in the Description of Plant Cells 9

Embryology 10

The Plant Cell 13

The Cell Wall 14

The Cell Plate and Middle Lamella 15

The Primary Wall 15

Plasmodesmata 23

The Secondary Wall 24

Warty Layer 27

Wall Pits 28

Cell Membranes 30

Cytoplasmic Organelles 32

Vacuome 37

Starch 38

Nucleus 39

Nonprotoplasmic Mineral Desposition 40

2 Origin and Structure of the Primary Plant Body 51

Structure and Function of the Angiosperm Vegetative Shoot Apex 51

Shoot Apex Organization 52

Chimeras 55

Structure and Function of the Root Apex 57

Differentiation of Primary Tissues 62

Leaf Initiation and Development 64

Classification of Tissues 66

Dermal Tissue System 67

Cuticle and Epicuticular Waxes 68

Specialized Epidermal Cells 70

Fundamental Tissue System 74

Parenchyma 74

Collenchyma 76

Sclerenchyma 79

Sclereids 80

Fibers 82

Laticiferous Tissue System 85

Vascular Tissue Systems 86

Xylem 89

Tracheids 90

Vessel Elements 90

Primary Xylem Tracheary Elements 92

Phloem 93

Sieve Tube Elements 94

Companion Cells 99

Sieve Cells 101

Differentiation of Primary Vascular Tissues 102

Primary Xylem Differentiation 103

Cytodifferentiation of Tracheary Cells 107

Primary Phloem Differentiation 110

Vascular Differentiation in Leaves 112

3 Tissue Organization in Stems, Leaves, and Roots 121

Stems 121

Vascular Bundles 122

Stem Structure 126

Leaves 129

Lamina Structure 132

Leaf Venation 134

Gymnosperm Leaves 141

Roots 142

Origin of Lateral Roots 148

Mycorrhizae 150

Root and Bacteria Interactions 153

4 Origin and Structure of the Secondary Plant Body 161

Vascular Cambium Formation 162

Structure and Function of the Vascular Cambium 166

Cell Division in the Cambium 170

Anomalous Secondary Growth 173

Secondary Xylem (Wood) 178

Secondary Phloem 185

Structure and Function of the Cork Cambium and Periderm 186

Secondary Growth in Monocotyledons 195

Periderm Formation in Monocotyledons 197

II Evolutionary, Physiological, and Ecological Plant Anatomy 203

5 Evolution and Systematics 205

Systematic Plant Anatomy 205

Variation in Anatomical Characters 206

Xylem Evolution 208

Use of Wood Anatomy in Systematics 216

Nodal Anatomy 219

Foliar Epidermis 221

Trichomes 225

Mineral Inclusions 227

Ultrastructure 229

Phylogenetic Systematics 229

6 Macromorphology 237

Floral Morphology and Anatomy 238

Homology of Floral Appendages 240

Conservative and Vestigial Vascular Bundles 244

Nectaries of Salix 246

Pseudomonomerous Gynoecia 247

Inverted Vascular Bundles 250

The Inferior Ovary 250

Leaves and Stipules 252

Two-Bundled Structures in Monocotyledons 254

7 Structure and Function 259

Vascular Tissues 260

Phloem Structure and Translocation 260

Minor Leaf Veins and Phloem Loading and Unloading 265

Kranz Anatomy and Photosynthesis 267

Xylem Structure and Water Movement 272

Water Conductance 277

Hydraulic Segmentation and Safety 282

Water Flow 284

Anatomical Responses to Mineral Deficiency 286

8 Ecological Anatomy 295

Habitat and Plant Structure 295

Ecological Leaf Anatomy 297

Sun and Shade Leaves 298

Xeromorphic Leaves 301

Ericoid Leaves 302

Sclerophyllous Leaves 302

Succulent Leaves 303

Poikilohydric Plants 304

Halophytic Leaves 306

Alpine Plants 307

Epiphytic Plants 308

Hydromorphic Leaves 308

Ecological Wood Anatomy 312

Growth Rings 313

Hydraulic Architecture 315

Adaptive Radiation in Dilleniaceae 318

Roots 320

Xeromorphic Roots 320

Hydromorphic Roots 321

Flooded and Drought-Stressed Roots 322

Aerial Roots 322

Frost Hardiness 322

Anatomy and Pollution 324

Anatomy and Plant Resistance 325

Effects of Pollution on Wood 326

Gaseous Air Pollutants 327

Ozone Injury to Plants 328

Acid Rain 329

Carbon Dioxide 329

Ionizing Radiation 330

Ultraviolet B Radiation 331

Insecticides and Herbicides 332

III Economic and Applied Plant Anatomy 339

9 Genetics and Plant Breeding 341

Molecular Genetic Analysis 342

Anatomy as an Indicator of Hybridization 342

Gene Expression and Anatomical Traits 345

The Wilted Gene 345

Trichome Development 347

Corn Leaf Development 347

Cell Wall Genes 348

Floral Development 349

Anatomy, Heredity, and Plant Breeding 349

Wood Quality 350

10 Defense Mechanisms and Structural Responses of Plants to Diseases, Pests, and Mechanical Injury 357

The Nature of Plant Defenses 358

Responses of Plants to Wounding and Invasion by Microorganisms 359

Abscission 362

Tissue Regeneration 362

Grafting 368

Cytological Reactions to Invasion by Parasites 369

Structural Bases of Resistance 371

Trichomes 372

Laticifers 372

Dutch Elm Disease and Tyloses 373

Heartwood 375

Structural Aspects of Virus Movement in Plants 376

11 Herbs, Spices, and Drugs 383

Classification of Secretory Structures 384

External Secretory Structures 385

Internal Secretory Structures 386

Anatomy of Secretory Structures 387

Secretory Cells and Cavities 389

Anatomical and Pharmacognostic Studies on Herb, Spice, and Drug Plants 394

Cinnamon 394

Ginger 394

Peppermint 394

Cinchona 396

Cascara Sagrada 396

Nirbisi 396

12 Fibers, Fiber Products, and Forage Fiber 399

Extraxylary Fibers 400

Xylary Fibers and Paper Manufacture 402

Reaction Wood 406

Compression Wood 407

Tension Wood and Gelatinous Fibers 408

Forage "Fiber" and Animal Nutrition 410

Grass Leaf Digestion 413

Legume Digestion 414

13 Forensic Science and Animal Food Habits 421

Plant Anatomy as Forensic Evidence 422

Plant Cell Identification 423

Application of Anatomical Evidence in Criminal and Civil Law 425

Animal Food Habits 431

14 Archaeology, Anthropology, and Climatology 437

Wood Anatomy and the Environment 438

Dendrochronology 439

Methods of Dendrochronology 441

Dendrochronology Case Studies 444

Dendroclimatology 446

Tree Rings and Other Environmental Factors 447

Diets and Artifacts of Prehistoric Peoples 448

15 Properties and Utilization of Wood 453

Features and Appearance of Sawed or Split Lumber 454

Physical Properties of Wood 459

Specific Gravity and Density 459

Wood and Water 460

Permeability 463

Sapwood and Heartwood 465

Mechanical Properties of Wood 465

Stiffness and Strength 467

Hardness and Toughness 468

Application of Wood Anatomy to the Field of Biomedical Research 469

16 The Arts and Antiques 473

Identification and Deterioration of Plant Tissues and Cells Used in Object Construction 474

Deterioration 475

Dendrochronological Dating 476

Green-Stained Wood 480

Identification of Antique Upholstery Filling and Wooden Furniture 484

Antique Musical Instruments 485

Musical Instruments and Wood Technical Properties 485

Stringed Instruments 485

Wind Instruments 489

Plant Anatomy and the World Wide Web 499.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Elizabeth Bowers Peck, 1929 Endowment Book Fund.

ISBN:

0122151704

OCLC:

45389030