The role of police in American society : a documentary history / edited by Bryan Vila and Cynthia Morris.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Vila, Bryan, 1947-

Morris, Cynthia, 1961-

Series:

Primary documents in American history and contemporary issues 1069-5605

Primary documents in American history and contemporary issues, 1069-5605

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Police--United States--History--Sources.

Police.

Law enforcement--United States--History--Sources.

Law enforcement.

History.

United States.

Physical Description:

xxxvii, 318 pages ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press, 1999.

Summary:

A collection of 95 primary documents tracing the history and development of police policy and the role of police in American society.

Contents:

Significant Dates in the History of the Police in America xxxi

Part I Night Watchmen, Constables, and Sheriffs: The Role of Early "Police" in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century America 1

Document 1 The Boston Night Watch (April 1631) 6

Document 2 The Duke of York's Laws (1675-1775) 8

Document 3 A Bill Concerning the Choice of Constables (1684) 10

Document 4 The Constables Pocket-Book (Nicholas Boone, 1710) 11

Document 5 Benjamin Franklin on the 1737 Philadelphia Night Watch 13

Document 6 Southern Slave Patrols as a Precursor to Contemporary Police Forces (1704-circa 1861) 14

Document 7 The Regulators (1767) 17

Document 8 The Bill of Rights (1791) 19

A. The Fourth Amendment 20

B. The Fifth Amendment 20

C. The Sixth Amendment 20

Part II Rangers, Marshals, and Municipal Police Forces: The Role of the Police in the Nineteenth Century 23

Document 9 The Texas Rangers (1823-) 28

Document 10 Metropolitan Police Act (London, 1829) 30

A. Excerpts from "An Act for Improving the Police in and Near the Metropolis" 32

B. London Times Article on the New Police 33

Document 11 The New York City Police (1845) 35

Document 12 "The Police Uniform" (1854) 37

Document 13 Allan Pinkerton and Private Policing (1867) 40

Document 14 First National Police Convention (1871) 42

Document 15 The Role of the Indian Police in the Western Territories (John P. Clum, 1875) 45

Document 16 Hopt v. Utah (1884) 47

Document 17 Recollections of a New York Chief of Police (George W. Walling, 1887) 49

Document 18 Our Police (George M. Roe, 1890) 52

Document 19 Police Matrons (1890) 54

Document 20 William S. Seavey and the National Chiefs of Police Union (1893-1895) 57

Document 21 "Improvements in Police Work" (W. J. McKelvey, 1896) 59

Document 22 Theodore Roosevelt and the New York Police (1895-1897) 62

Document 23 The Role of United States Marshals in the Western Territories (1898) 67

Document 24 The Nineteenth-Century Town Marshal 69

Part III Police Reform and Social and Technological Advances in The Early Twentieth Century 73

Document 25 Police Administration (Leonhard Felix Fuld, 1909) 80

Document 26 "The Automobile as a Police Department Adjunct" (J. H. Haager, 1909) 82

Document 27 "A History of the 'Sweat Box' and 'Third Degree'" (Richard Sylvester, 1910) 84

Document 28 Alice Stebbins Wells (1910) 87

A. Los Angeles Times Article Announcing Wells' Appointment 88

B. Good Housekeeping Magazine Article About Wells 89

Document 29 "Police Regulation of Motor Vehicles" (C. E. Sebastian, 1911) 91

Document 30 "Troubles of a Black Policeman" (1912) 93

Document 31 Weeks v. United States (1914) 95

Document 32 Policeman and Public (Arthur Woods, 1919) 97

Document 33 "The Policeman as a Social Worker" (August Vollmer, 1919) 100

Document 34 The Boston Police Strike (1919) 105

A. Governor Coolidge's Response to the Strike (1) 106

B. President Wilson's Response to the Strike 106

C. Governor Coolidge's Response to the Strike (2) 106

Document 35 American Police Systems (Raymond B. Fosdick, 1920) 107

Document 36 Race Relations and the Police in Chicago (1922) 110

Document 37 "Adding Policemen to the List of Those Who Know How to Shoot" (1923) 113

Document 38 Carroll et al. v. United States (1925) 115

A. Opinion of the Court 115

B. Dissenting Opinion 116

Document 39 J. Edgar Hoover (1925) 117

Document 40 "Radio in Police Work" (William P. Rutledge, 1929) 120

Document 41 "Our Inefficient Police" (Howard McLellan, 1929) 124

Document 42 "Municipal Police Administration" (Bruce Smith, 1929) 126

Part IV A Growing Emphasis on Police Training, Professionalism, Efficiency, and Ethics, 1930-1959 131

Document 43 Uniform Crime Reporting (1930) 136

Document 44 Report on Police (Wickersham Commission, 1931) 138

A. Summary of the Report on Police Written by the Wickersham Commission 139

B. Conclusions Reached by Garrett, Monroe, and Vollmer in Their Report on Police 141

Document 45 Our Lawless Police (Ernest Jerome Hopkins, 1931) 141

Document 46 A Cop Remembers (Cornelius W. Willemse, 1933) 144

Document 47 Brown et al. v. Mississippi (1936) 146

Document 48 FBI National Police Academy (J. Edgar Hoover, 1937) 148

Document 49 "FBI Pledge for Law Enforcement Officers" (1937) 150

Document 50 Chambers et al. v. Florida (1940) 151

Document 51 Police Unions and Other Police Organizations (1944) 154

Document 52 Police Administration (O. W. Wilson, 1950) 157

Document 53 Los Angeles Police Chief William H. Parker (1954) 159

Document 54 "Law Enforcement Code of Ethics" (IACP, 1957) 163

Part V Social Change and Conflicting Expectations of the Police Role, 1960-1978 165

Document 55 Mapp v. Ohio (1961) 168

A. Opinion of the Court 169

B. Dissenting Opinion 170

Document 56 Policewoman's Manual (Lois Lundell Higgins, 1961) 171

Document 57 The Police Role in Racial Conflicts (Juby E. Towler, 1964) 173

Document 58 Police Unionization (1965) 175

Document 59 Governor's Commission on the Los Angeles Riots (1965) 176

Document 60 Miranda v. Arizona (1966) 180

A. Opinion of the Court 181

B. Dissenting Opinion 181

Document 61 U.S. Task Force Report on the Police (1967) 182

Document 62 Terry v. Ohio (1968) 186

A. Opinion of the Court 187

B. Dissenting Opinion 188

Document 63 The Kerner Report (1968) 189

Document 64 The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 192

Document 65 Varieties of Police Behavior (James Q. Wilson, 1968) 196

Document 66 Police Power (Paul Chevigny, 1969) 200

Document 67 "The Role of the Police in Modern Society" (T. A. Fleek and T. J. Newnam, 1969) 203

Document 68 "The Capacity to Use Force as the Core of the Police Role" (Egon Bittner, 1970) 204

Document 69 The Knapp Commission Report on Police Corruption (1972) 206

Document 70 The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment (George L. Kelling et al., 1974) 209

Document 71 "A Professor's 'Street Lessons'" (George L. Kirkham 1974) 212

Document 72 "Law Enforcement and Affirmative Action" (Samuel L. Williams, 1975) 216

Document 73 Patrick V. Murphy (1977) 219

Document 74 The Quality of Police Education (Lawrence W. Sherman et al., 1978) 221

Part VI Reexamining and Redefining the Role of the Police, 1979-1989 225

Document 75 "Improving Policing: A Problem-Oriented Approach" (Herman Goldstein, 1979) 228

Document 76 "Always Prepared: Police Off-Duty Guns" (James J. Fyfe, 1980) 231

Document 77 The Concept of "Depolicing" (Donald Black and M. P. Baumgartner, 1980) 233

Document 78 "Broken Windows" (James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, 1982) 236

Document 79 "The Evolving Role of Women in American Policing" (Edith Linn and Barbara Raffel Price, 1985) 239

Document 80 Tennessee v. Garner et al. (1985) 242

A. Opinion of the Court 243

B. Dissenting Opinion 244

Document 81 Malley et al. v. Briggs (1986) 244

A. Opinion of the Court 245

B. Dissenting Opinion 247

Document 82 Private Employment of Public Police (Albert J. Reiss, Jr., 1988) 248

Document 83 "Community Policing: A Report from the Devil's Advocate" (David H. Bayley, 1988) 250

Part VII The Role of the Police in the 1990s 255

Document 84 The Police Mystique (Anthony V. Bouza, 1990) 256

Document 85 Police Role Strain and Role Conflict (A. Daniel Yarmey, 1990) 259

Document 86 The "Law Enforcement Code of Ethics" (revised version, 1991) and the "Police Code of Conduct" (1991) 262

Document 87 The Rodney King Beating and the Christopher Commission Report (1991) 266

Document 88 The Los Angeles Riot and Its Impact on Police-Community Relations (Karen Grigsby Bates, 1992) 270

Document 89 "The Cops' Code of Silence" (Bryan Vila, 1992) 272

Document 90 "The New Policing: Confronting Complexity" (Herman Goldstein, 1993) 275

Document 91 Police for the Future (David H. Bayley, 1994) 278

Document 92 "A Theory of Excessive Force and Its Control" (Carl B.

Klockars, 1996) 281

Document 93 "Ethics and Police Integrity: Some Definitions and Questions for Study" (Stephen J. Vicchio, 1996) 284

Document 94 "The Thin Blue and Pink Line" (Lisa Shores, 1997) 286

Document 95 "A Time to Remember" (Darrell L. Sanders, 1997) 289

Appendix A Selected U.S. Supreme Court Cases 295

Appendix B Selected Police-Related Groups, Organizations, and Web Sites 297.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages [299]-312) and index.

ISBN:

0313301646

OCLC:

39733221