Lung tumors : fundamental biology and clinical management / edited by Christian Brambilla, Elisabeth Brambilla.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Brambilla, Christian.

Brambilla, Elisabeth.

Series:

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 124.

Lung biology in health and disease ; v. 124

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lungs--Tumors--Treatment.

Lungs.

Lungs--Tumors--Molecular aspects.

Lung Neoplasms--genetics.

Lung Neoplasms--diagnosis.

Lung Neoplasms--therapy.

Molecular Biology.

Lungs--Tumors.

Medical Subjects:

Lung Neoplasms--genetics.

Lung Neoplasms--diagnosis.

Lung Neoplasms--therapy.

Molecular Biology.

Physical Description:

xxxii, 858 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : M. Dekker, [1999]

Contents:

Part I. Clinicopathological Entities

1. The Need for a New Classification for Lung and Pleural Tumors / William D. Travis, Thomas V. Colby 1

I. Preinvasive Lesions 6

II. Adenocarcinomas 6

III. Neuroendocrine Tumors 7

IV. Large-Cell Carcinoma 8

V. Carcinomas with Pleomorphic, Sarcomatoid, or Sarcomatous Elements 8

VI. Immunohistochemistry and Electron Microscopy 8

VII. Molecular Studies 9

2. Basaloid Carcinoma of the Lung / Elisabeth Brambilla, Denis Moro 13

II. Clinical Features 14

III. Macroscopic Appearance 14

IV. Histopathology 14

V. Immunohistochemical Phenotype 18

VI. Ultrastructural Features 20

VII. Differential Diagnosis 21

VIII. Histogenesis and Oncogenesis 22

IX. Prognosis 24

3. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung / William D. Travis 29

I. Neuroendocrine Cells 30

II. Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia and Tumorlets 31

III. Tumors with Neuroendocrine Morphology 35

IV. Overall Survival Analysis for All NE Tumors 52

V. Mitosis Counting 52

4. Precursor Lesions to Pulmonary Neoplasia / Thomas V. Colby 61

II. Changes in the Large Bronchi That May Accompany or Precede Squamous Carcinoma 62

III. Atypical Adenomatous Hyperplasia 74

IV. Bronchiolar Neuroendocrine Cell Proliferation as a Precursor to Peripheral Carcinoid Tumors 82

5. Pulmonary Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Andrew G. Nicholson 89

II. Pseudolymphoma 89

III. B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma of Pulmonary MALT Origin 90

IV. Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonitis and Follicular Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis 95

V. Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis/Angiocentric Immunoproliferative Lesions 98

VI. Other Entities 101

6. Rare Pulmonary Tumors and Borderline Malignancies / Cesar A. Moran, Saul Suster 109

I. Unusual Epithelial Tumors of the Lung 109

II. Tumors Derived from Ectopic or Embryologically Displaced Tissues 115

III. Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis 120

IV. Mixed Mesenchymal/Epithelial Neoplasms 122

7. Differential Diagnosis Between Primary and Metastatic Carcinomas / Philip T. Cagle 127

I. Adenocarcinomas with Acinar or Solid Patterns 129

II. Columnar Cells with Lepidic Growth Pattern 129

III. Papillary Adenocarcinomas 130

IV. Cancers with Clear Cells 131

V. Squamous Cell Carcinomas 133

VI. Spindle-Cell Tumors 133

VII. Melanoma 134

VIII. Germ-Cell Tumors 135

Part II. Cell Cycle Control and Molecular Pathology

8. ras Mutations in Lung Cancer / Daniel R. Jacobson 139

II. Biology of ras and the Role of Activating ras Mutations 140

III. Interpreting ras Mutation Studies: The Interface Between Biology and Technology 141

IV. Carcinogen Exposure: Implications for Understanding Lung Carcinogenesis 146

V. ras Mutations as Tumor Markers: Application to Early Diagnosis and Screening 147

VI. Specificity of ras Mutations for Malignancy: Potential Limiting Factor to Clinical Application 148

VII. Prognosis and Therapy 150

9. Deletions of the Short Arm of Chromosome 3 and the FHIT Gene in Lung Cancer / Gabriella Sozzi 157

I. Deletions of the Short Arm of Chromosome 3 157

II. The FRA3B 160

III. Cloning and Structural Features of the FHIT Gene 161

IV. The FHIT Protein and Its Biochemical Activity 162

V. FHIT Abnormalities in Lung Cancer 163

10. P53 Pathway and Lung Cancer / Elisabeth Brambilla, Sylvie Gazzeri 173

II. P53, The Gatekeeper for Clonal Growth 175

III. P53 Genetic Inactivation in Lung Cancer 177

IV. P53 Stabilization and Epigenetic Inactivation in Lung Cancer 178

V. P53 as a Marker for Tumor Progression and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell/Lung Carcinoma 179

VI. P53 Stabilization in Neuroendocrine Tumors 181

VII. P53 Downstream Pathway in Lung Cancer 181

VIII. Time of Occurrence of P53 Alterations and Bax-Bc12 Ratio 184

11. Inactivation of RB Gene and pRB Function in Lung Cancer / Sylvie Gazzeri, Valerie Gouyer 191

II. The Retinoblastoma Gene 192

III. Inactivation of the RB Gene in Lung Cancer 197

12. Deregulation of the Cell Cycle in Lung Cancer / R. J. A. M. Michalides 211

II. G[subscript 1]-S Control in Normal Cells 212

III. Deregulation of the Cyclin D/cdk4/p16/pRb Pathway in Cancer 214

IV. Deregulation of the Cyclin D1/p16/cdk4/pRb Pathway in Lung Cancer 217

V. Apoptosis, Cell-Cycle Regulation, and Lung Cancer 219

13. Relevance of DNA Methylation to Lung Cancer / Samir M. Hanash, Bruce Richardson, David Beer 227

I. DNA Methylation 227

II. DNA Methylation Changes During Carcinogenesis 228

III. DNA Methylation and Lung Cancer 228

IV. Analysis of Methylation Changes in Lung Tumors by Means of Two-Dimensional Separations of Not I Genomic Digests 230

Part III. Preneoplastic Lesions and Early Detection of Lung Cancer

14. Clinical Basis for Early Detection of Lung Cancer / Kell Osterlind, Fred R. Hirsch 237

II. Early Detection/Screening of Lung Cancer 239

III. Newer Clinical Methods 242

IV. Methodologic Aspects 243

V. Do We Have Optimal Markers for Early Detection? 249

15. Genetic Instability Assessments in the Lung Cancerization Field / Walter N. Hittelman 255

II. Clinical and Histologic Evidence for a Field Cancerization Process in the Lung 256

III. Cytogenetic Evidence for a Field Cancerization Process in the Lung 257

IV. Molecular Evidence for a Field Cancerization Process in Lung Tissue Associated with Tumors 258

V. Molecular Evidence for a Field Cancerization Process in High-Risk Lung Tissue 259

VI. Quantitation of Ongoing Genetic Instability in the Lung by In Situ Hybridization 261

16. Telomerase and Lung Cancer / Asha Rathi, Yashima Kazuo, Naoyoshi Onuki, Arvind Virmani, Adi F. Gazdar 269

I. Telomeres, Telomerase, and Cancer 269

II. Telomerase Activity in Lung Carcinogenesis 270

III. Alterations in Telomere Length 271

IV. Telomerase in Neuroendocrine Tumors 271

V. Telomerase in Preneoplasia 271

VI. Mechanisms of Telomerase Expression During Lung Cancer Pathogenesis 274

VII. Potential Clinical Implications in Lung Cancers 275

17. Clonal Development of Lung Cancer / Grace Chung, Pamela Rabbitts 279

II. Lung Tumors 280

III. Implications for the Early Detection of Lung Cancer 282

18. Selection and Validation of New Lung Cancer Markers for the Molecular-Pathological Assessment of Individuals with a High Risk of Developing Lung Cancer / J.K. Field 287

I. ras Gene Mutations in Lung Cancer 288

II. Cytogenetic Analysis 289

III. Allelic Imbalance 290

IV. Genomic Instability 291

V. p53 Gene Mutations 293

VI. hnRNP Overexpression in Sputum Specimens 296

VII. Genetic Predisposition 297

VIII. Liverpool Lung Project 298

19. Retinoids for Lung Cancer Intervention / Ugo Pastorino 303

II. Dietary Factors in Lung Cancer 304

III. Latency and Field Effect 304

IV. Experimental Activity of Retinoids 305

V. Nuclear Receptors 305

VI. Clinical Development of Retinoids 306

VII. Pharmacology and Toxicology 307

VIII. Selection of High-Risk Individuals and Optimal Endpoints 310

IX. Primary Chemoprevention Trials in Healthy Individuals 311

X. Treatment of Precancerous Lesions 311

XI. Trials on Chemoprevention of Second Primary Tumors 312

XII. Limits of Early Clinical Trials 313

XIII. New Prospects of Retinoid Intervention 314

XIV. Biologic Markers and Intermediate Endpoints 314

20. Antioxidants and the Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer / Nico van Zandwijk, L. Van't Veer 321

II. Carcinogenesis 322

III. Oxidative Stress 322

IV. Cigarette Smoke and Air Pollution 325

V. Carcinogen Metabolism 326

VI. Diet 327

VII. Chemoprevention Studies 328

21. Integrated Approach to the Management of Early Lung Cancer / James L. Mulshine, Anthony M. Treston, Melvyn S.

Tockman, Frank Cuttitta 335

II. Considerations in Improved Lung Cancer Outcomes 336

III. Where Does Early Lung Cancer Start? 337

IV. Placing Early Lung Cancer Detection in a Clinical Context 339

V. Integrating Chemoprevention Approaches to Manage Preinvasive Lung Cancer 341

Part IV. Host-Tumor Relationship

22. Role of Growth Factors in the Stromal Reaction in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma / Jean-Michel Vignaud, Yves Martinet, Nadine Martinet 347

II. Growth Factors Functional Status in Carcinoma: A Multistep Regulated Process 348

III. The Extracellular Matrix: A Reservoir of Bound Growth Factors 349

IV. ECM Production by Stromal Fibroblasts 350

V. Stromal Inflammatory Cells in Stroma Processing 351

VI. Contribution of GF Released by Tumor Cells to Stroma Development 358

VII. Growth Factor Participation in ECM Degradation by Proteases 359

23. Tumor Angiogenesis / Fabrice Soncin, Bernard Vandenbunder 365

I. Morphogenesis of the Vascular Tree 365

II. From the Budding of a Capillary to the Irrigation of a Tumor 366

III. Angiogenic Factors 368

IV. The Role of the Angiogenic Factors In Vivo 369

V. The Induction of Angiogenesis by Hypoxia 370

VI. Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer 371

VII. The Inhibitors of Angiogenesis 371

VIII. The Response of Endothelial Cells to Angiogenic Stimuli 372

IX. Antiangiogenesis as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy 374

24. Angiogenesis in Lung Cancer / Francesco Pezzella, Ugo Pastorino, Kevin C. Gatter 383

II. Microvessel Density in Lung Tumors 384

III. The Switch to Angiogenic Phenotype in Hyperplastic and Dysplastic Lesions 388

IV. Angiogenic and Nonangiogenic Primary Tumors of the Lung 388

V. Angiogenic Factors in Lung Cancers 393

VI. Metastatic Disease 394

25. Matrix Proteases and Transcription Factors in the Process of Dissemination / Isabelle Bolon, Catherine Robert 399

II. Matrix Proteases Produced by Lung Carcinomas 401

III. Matrix Proteases in Lung Preneoplasia 409

IV. Expression of ETS Transcription Factors 413

V. Future Directions 416

26. Adhesion Molecules / Jean-Louis Pujol, Pascal Demoly 423

II. Integrins 424

III. Cadherins 424

IV. Carcinoembryonic Antigen 425

V. Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules 425

VI. Perspectives 432

Part V. Clinical Management

27. Tumor Markers: Clinical Meaning and Use / Gianfranco Buccheri 435

II. Roles of Lung Tumor Markers 436

III. Main Tumor Markers 439

28. The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Investigation / Thierry Soussi 453

II. Association Between p53 Mutation and Human Cancer 454

III. Analysis of Alterations in the p53 Gene 455

IV. p53 Mutations: A Model for Molecular Epidemiology 456

V. Heterogeneity of p53 Mutant Behavior: Clinical Implications 462

VI. p53 Antibodies in Cancer Patients: Application to Lung Tumors 463

VII. p53 and Response to Therapy 465

VIII. p53 and Therapy 465

29. Endoscopic Detection of Preneoplastic Lesions / Stephen C. Lam, Calum MacAulay 473

II. Rationale for Detection and Treatment of Intraepithelial Bronchial Neoplasia 475

III. White-Light Bronchoscopy 476

IV. Fluorescence Bronchoscopy 476

30. Advances in Lung Cancer Imaging / Gilbert R. Ferretti, Jean-Philippe Vuillez, Max Coulomb 481

II. Chest Radiography/Digital Chest Radiography 481

III. CT/Spiral CT 482

IV. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 491

V. Ultrasonography 493

VI. Nuclear Medicine 493

31. Radioimmunodetection and Radioimmunotherapy in Lung Cancer / Jean-Philippe Vuillez, Denis Moro 503

I. Diagnostic Applications of Radiolabeled Monoclonal Antibodies 504

II. Radioimmunotherapy 515

32. Photodynamic Therapy for Lung Cancer / Eric S. Edwell, Denis A. Cortese 523

I. Historical Background 523

II. Mechanism of Action 524

III. PDT: Treatment of Bronchogenic Carcinoma 526

IV. Obstructive Carcinomas 527

V. Early-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma 528

33. Endobronchial Brachytherapy / M. Taulelle, P. Vincent, B. Chauvet, R. Garcia, Francois L. Reboul 537

II. History 538

III. Technical Aspects 539

IV. Clinical Indications and Results 543

34. Multimodality Therapy in Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC Stage IIIB) / Jean-Charles Soria, Thierry Le Chevalier, Cecile Le Pechoux, Rodrigo Arriagada 553

II. Therapeutic Options 554

III. Multimodality Treatment 556

IV. Future Prospects 560

35. Progress in Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer / Alain Depierre 567

II. Superiority of Chemotherapy over Best Supportive Care Only 567

III. New Drugs 569

IV. Combinations 569

V. The Supremacy of DDP 571

VI. The Challenge of Vinca Alkaloids 572

VII. Dose Intensification, Maintenance, and Duration of Treatment 573

VIII. Second-Line Chemotherapy 574

IX. Quality of Life 575

X. Supportive Therapy 575

36. Prognostic Factors in Unresectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer / E. Quoix 583

I. Methods of Prognostic Assessment 584

II. Clinical Prognostic Factors in Unresectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer 586

III. Therapeutic Prognostic Factors in Unresectable NSCLC 589

IV. Prediction of Long-Term Survival 590

V. Prediction of Very Short Survival 590

37. Conventional Radiotherapy and New Approaches to Lung Cancer / Paul Van Houtte, Francois Mornex 595

I. Basic Principles 595

II. Increasing the Biological Radiation Dose: Modifications of Fractionation 597

III. Increasing the Physical Radiation Dose 603

38. Chemotherapy in Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Is More Better? / Fabrizio M. Facchini, Stephen G. Spiro 611

II. Combination Chemotherapy 612

III. Duration: Short- Versus Long-Course Treatment 613

IV. High-Dose Chemotherapy 615

V. Dose Intensification: Weekly Versus Every-Three-Weeks Treatment 616

VI. Dose Reduction: Planned Versus As-Required Treatment 617

VII. Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant and Stem Cell Support 617

VIII. Hematopoietic Factors 619

IX. Sequential and Alternating Chemotherapy 621

X. Low-Dose/High-Frequency Chemotherapy 623

XI. Oral Chemotherapy 624

39. Optimal Integration of Chemotherapy and Thoracic Irradiation in Limited-Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer / Nevin Murray 631

II. Assembly of Effective Combined-Modality Therapy 632

III. Meta-Analyses of Phase III Trials of Chemotherapy With or Without Thoracic Irradiation 636

IV. Cooperative Group Experience Review 638

V. Randomized Trials of the Timing of Thoracic Irradiation 638

VI. Optimal Integration of Chemoradiation for LSCLC: Recommendations 643

VII. Moving Forward 644

40. Long-Term Survivors of Small-Cell Lung Cancer, Late Effects of Treatment, and Second Cancers / Pascale Jacoulet, Denis Moro 647

I. Prognostic Factors of Long-Term Survival 648

II. Long-Term Survivors 649

41. New Drugs for New Chemotherapy Standards / Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Silvia Novello 657

II. Antimetabolites 658

III. Antimicrotubule Agents 660

IV. Topoisomerase I Inhibitors (Camptothecins) 667

V. New Vinca Alkaloids 669

VI. Bioreductive Agents 671

42. Lung Metastases and Second Lung Cancer: Role of Surgery / Ugo Pastorino, Francesco Pezzella 679

I. Clinical Relevance of Secondary Lung Tumors 679

II. Lung Metastases 681

III. Second Primary Tumors 684

43. Occupational Lung Cancer / Yves Martinet, Philippe Scheid, Jean-Michel Vignaud, Nadine Martinet, Jean-Jacques Moulin 693

II. Importance of Occupational Exposure in Lung Cancer Incidence 694

III. Epidemiological Studies on Occupational Lung Cancer Risks 695

IV. Identification of Occupational Lung Cancer Risks 696

V. Lung Cancer/Lung Fibrosis Relationships 702

VI. Histological Type 703

VII. Prevention and Early Cancer Detection 704

44. Lung Cancer Cell Immunogenicity and Immunotherapy / Patrick Weynants 709

II. Monoclonal Antibodies in Therapeutic Applications 711

III. Immune Cells of Tumor Cytolysis and Cytokine-Adaptive Therapy 714

IV. Tumor Antigen and Active Specific Immunotherapy 719

45. Gene Therapy / Christian Brambilla, Adrien Negoescu, Marie Favrot, Jean-Luc Coll 729

I. Drug Sensitization/Drug Resistance 730

II. Immunopotentiation 731

III. Gene Replacement 732

IV. P53-Based Gene Therapy 737

V. Future Development 739.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

ISBN:

0824701607

OCLC:

39811611