The Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen paradox : in atomic, nuclear, and particle physics / Alexander Afriat and Franco Selleri.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Afriat, Alexander.

Contributor:

Selleri, Franco.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment.

Nuclear physics.

Physical Description:

xiii, 248 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

New York : Plenum Press, [1999]

Contents:

Chapter 1 Early Formulations 1

1.1. The Original Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument 1

1.2. Bohr's Reply: Complementarity 5

1.3. Schrodinger's Extension of the Paradox 9

1.4. Furry's Hypothesis 10

1.5. Bohm's Simplification of the Paradox 13

1.6. Bohm-Aharonov and the Experimental Issue 16

1.7. EPR Correlations for Pairs of Neutral Kaons 18

1.8. Bell's Inequality 20

1.9. Additional Assumption and Strong Inequalities 23

1.10. Wigner's Proof of Bell's Inequality 27

Chapter 2 Bell's Inequality and Its Elementary Background 31

2.1. Local Realism 31

2.1.1. The Reality Postulate 32

2.1.2. The Locality Postulate 35

2.1.3. The Postulate of Time's Arrow 37

2.1.4. Definition of Local Realism 39

2.2. Elementary Proof of Bell's Inequality 40

2.2.1. Preliminaries 40

2.2.2. Demonstration of Bell's Inequality 43

2.2.3. Incompatibility with Quantum Mechanics 46

2.2.4. Original Proof of Bell's Inequality 48

2.3. Other Formulations of the EPR Paradox 49

2.3.1. Systems without a State 49

2.3.2. Determination at a Distance of the State 51

2.4. Criticism of the Copenhagen Approach 54

2.4.1. Heisenberg's Indeterminacy Relations 54

2.4.2. Complementarity for Space-Time and Causality 58

2.4.3. Complementarity for Spin Components 60

2.4.4. General Quantum Predictions for Spin-1/2 61

2.4.5. Simultaneous Reality of Different Spin Components 64

2.4.6. Historical Roots 69

Chapter 3 Local Realism versus Quantum Nonlocality 75

3.1. Nonlocality, Interference, Quantum Potential 75

3.1.1. The Quantum Potential in Configuration Space 76

3.1.2. Quantum Correlations and Interference 77

3.2. Factorizable and Nonfactorizable State Vectors 78

3.2.1. Degree of Entanglement 78

3.2.2. Bell's Inequality and Factorizable State Vectors 81

3.2.3. Bell's Inequality and Nonfactorizable State Vectors 83

3.3. Probabilistic Local Realism 86

3.3.1. Propensities and Probabilities 86

3.3.2. Quantum Sets Are Not Homogeneous 90

3.3.3. Homogeneous Sets and Probabilities 93

3.3.4. New Factorizable Form of Joint Probabilities 97

3.4. Proofs of Weak and Strong Inequalities 99

3.4.1. Weak Inequalities 99

3.4.2. Strong Inequalities for One-Way Polarizers 103

3.4.3. Strong Inequalities for Two-Way Polarizers 108

3.4.4. Weak and Strong Freedman Inequalities 109

3.4.5. Generalized Bell-Type Inequalities 111

3.4.6. The GHZ Formulation of the EPR Paradox 121

3.5. Experiments with Atomic Photon Pairs 123

3.5.1. Correlated Atomic Photon Pairs 123

3.5.2. Review of Published Experiments 126

3.5.3. Empirical Falsification of the Furry Hypothesis 134

3.5.4. Inequality for Parametric Down-Conversion Experiments 138

Chapter 4 The EPR Paradox in Particle Physics 149

4.1. Some Features of Particle Physics 149

4.1.1. Conservation of Energy and Momentum 150

4.1.2. Families of Particles 152

4.1.3. Nuclear Physics Experiments on the EPR Paradox 158

4.2. Realism and the Neutral Kaon System 165

4.2.1. Neutral Kaons in Quantum Theory 165

4.2.2. Reinterpretation of Quantum Probabilities 168

4.2.3. The Probabilities of Local Realism 170

4.2.4. The Most General Set of Probabilities 171

4.3. The Debate on the EPR Paradox for Pairs of Particles 174

4.3.1. Forbidden Symmetrical Observations 174

4.3.2. Some Applications of Furry's Hypothesis 175

4.3.3. Other Proposed Forms of the Paradox 177

4.3.4. Direct Applications of Local Realism 179

4.4. General Local Realistic Predictions 184

4.4.1. The Case of Neutral Kaon Pairs 184

4.4.2. Two Time Probabilities 186

4.4.3. Unicity of the Local Realistic Model for Single Kaons 188

4.4.4. Incompatibility with Quantum Mechanics 189

Chapter 5 Proposed Solutions of the Paradox 195

5.1. Action at a Distance 195

5.1.1. Wholeness and Holograms 195

5.1.2. Superluminal Motions in an Ether of Rigid Particles 197

5.1.3. Nonlocal Sea of Microlevel Potentialities 198

5.2. Retroactions and Ergodicity 199

5.2.1. The Victory of Formalism over Modelism 199

5.2.2. A Polarizable Fundamental Medium 201

5.2.3. Generalized Probabilities 202

5.3. Variable Probability of Detection 204

5.3.1. A Particular Local Model 205

5.3.2. Divergence with Respect to Quantum Theory 211

5.3.3. Enhanced Particle Detection 214

5.3.4. Correlated Detections of Two Photons 219

5.3.5. Experiments with Three Polarizers 224

5.3.6. The Local Model, Quantum Theory, and Experiments 229

5.4. Other Realist Proposals 230

5.4.1. Chaotic Ball Model 230

5.4.2. Restricted Quantum Mechanics 234

5.4.3. A Different Version of the EPR Experiment 238.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

0306458934

OCLC:

39860090