Major trends characterizing human settlements development in the ECE region / Economic Commission for Europe.

Format:

Book

Government document

Contributor:

United Nations. Economic Commission for Europe.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urbanization--Europe.

Urbanization.

Sustainable development.

Human settlements.

Europe.

Human settlements--Europe.

Sustainable development--Europe.

Physical Description:

v, 80 pages : illustrations, maps ; 30 cm

Other Title:

Human settlements development in the ECE region

At head of title: Economic Commission for Europe

Place of Publication:

New York : United Nations, 1998.

Summary:

Human settlements have much to gain from & contribute to ongoing processes of decentralization & democratization. This publication highlights the general trends in the liberalization of the global & national economies, accelerating the urbanization process & increasingly emphasizing the already important economic role of cities. It also presents national experiences from Finland, Greece, Norway & Poland, in formulating & implementing policies for sustainable development. National responses to the Economic Commission for Europe Guidelines on Sustainable Human Settlements Planning & Management were also evaluated.

Contents:

Part A Major trends haracterizing human settlements development in the ECE region

Chapter I. Megatrends 3

1. Processes and outcomes 3

2. Globalization and restructuring of the economy 3

3. Restructuring of urban policy 8

4. Technological change 10

5. Environmental concerns 12

6. Sustainable development 12

Chapter II. Trends 15

1. Trends in the physical development of human settlements and environmental impacts 15

1.1. Urban settlements in their regional context 15

1.2. Urban sprawl/densification 15

1.3. Increase of housing stock 18

1.4. Changes in the composition of housing types 19

1.5. Changes in the location of functions within the urban area 20

1.6. Changes in infrastructure 20

1.6.1. Infrastructure for water and sewage 20

1.6.2. Transport infrastructure 22

1.7. Changes in the green structure of cities 24

2. Social and economic trends 25

2.1. Social progress 25

2.2. Economic restructuring and social polarization 26

Chapter III. Driving forces 27

1. Market forces restructuring urban space 27

2. Territorial competition/spatial competition 29

2.1. Spatial competition and urban strategies 29

2.2. The role of regions 30

2.3. Place promotion 31

3. Urban planning, policy, legislation 32

3.1. Urban planning 32

3.2. Urban policies and legislation 33

3.3. Gender and the urban environment 34

4. Citizens' options and priorities 34

4.1. Citizen participation in planning 34

4.2. Cultural changes, values and priorities 35

Chapter IV. Norms, values and aims 37

1. Environmental norms, values and aims 37

1.1 Norms, values and aims of sustainable urban development 37

1.2. Norms, values and aims related to the quality of the environmental conditions of life of the urban population 40

1.3. How ambitious are environmental goals? 40

2. Social norms, values and aims 41

2.1. Norms, values and aims related to essential needs, employment and equity within generation 41

2.2. Norms, values and aims related to the individual or to social interaction 43

3. Economic norms, values and aims 45

3.1. Economic policies 45

3.2. Economic competition and inequalities 46

Chapter V. Urban indicators 47

1. Why urban indicators? 47

2. Definition and selection of indicators: criteria 47

3. A short history of urban indicators 49

4. Urban indicators and trends 50

4.1. Physical development trends 50

4.2. Social and economic trends 51

5. Indicators of social conditions and trends in cities outside the UNCHS study 51

Part B Implementation of policies on sustainable human settlements

Chapter I. Purpose and objectives 55

1. Background and scope 55

2. Focus on physical planning 55

3. The ECE Guidelines on Sustainable Human Settlements Planning and Management 55

3.1. Planning policies 56

3.2. Strategies for implementation 56

Chapter II. How are sustainable development policies implemented in different national contexts? 59

1. The impact of specific national contexts on the formulation of national planning policies 59

2. How the ECE Guidelines are reflected in national planning policies and strategies on physical planning in urban settlements 61

2.1. Specific sectoral planning policies addressing priority areas 62

3. National policies and local implementation: the role and responsibilities of local authorities 66

3.1. Administrative and legal framework 66

3.2. The planning system 67

3.3. The implementation process: conflicts and challenges 68.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-80).

"United Nations publications sales no.: E.98.II.E.16"--T.p. verso.

ISBN:

9211166950

OCLC:

40585754