Clinical MR spectroscopy : first principles / Nouha Salibi, Mark A. Brown.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Salibi, Nouha Mikhaël.

Contributor:

Brown, Mark A., 1955-

Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Medical Subjects:

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Physical Description:

x, 220 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm

Place of Publication:

New York : Wiley-Liss, [1998]

Summary:

Clinical MR Spectroscopy: First Principles features numerous line drawings to clarify the basic science of MRS and images to illustrate its clinical utility. This concise and timely book provides an accessible but comprehensive resource for radiologists, MRI technologists, and radiology residents.

Contents:

2. Concepts of Magnetic Resnoance Spectroscopy 5

2.1. Properties of the Atom 5

2.2. Production of Net Magnetization 6

2.3. Resonance Absorption 14

2.4. Signal Analysis and the MR Spectrum 17

2.5. Time-Independent Interactions 20

2.5.1 Chemical Shift 20

2.5.2 Spin Coupling 24

2.6. Time-Dependent Interactions 29

2.6.1 Relaxation 30

2.6.1.1. T1 Relaxation, Saturation, and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect 31

2.6.1.2. T2 Relaxation, T2* Relaxation, and Spin Echoes 38

2.6.2. Chemical Exchange 46

3. Instrumentation 50

3.1. Magnet System 50

3.2. Gradient System 55

3.3. Radiofrequency System 57

3.4. Data Acquisition System 59

3.5. Computer System 61

4. Techniques for Localized Spectroscopy 62

4.2. Basic Concepts in MR Localization 63

4.3. Localization in MR Imaging 70

4.4. Spectra vs Images 71

4.5. MRS Localization Techniques 73

4.5.1 Surface Coils 75

4.5.2. Single Voxel Spectroscopy 75

4.5.2.1. Point Resolved Spectroscopy 75

4.5.2.2. Stimulated Echo Acquisition Method 76

4.5.2.3. Image Selected In Vivo Spectroscopy 80

4.5.2.4. Advantages and Disadvantages of SVS 83

4.5.3. Multiple Voxel Techniques 83

4.5.3.1. Chemical Shift Imaging 83

4.5.3.2. Volume-Selective 2D CSI 91

4.5.3.3. Multiple Slice CSI 94

4.5.3.4. Fast CSI 94

4.5.4. Other Approaches to Localization 95

4.6. Water Suppression in Proton MRS 98

4.7. Elimination of Lipid Signals in Proton MRS 99

5. Spectroscopy Data Processing 106

5.1. The Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Signal 106

5.2. Processing of the MR Signal 108

5.2.1. Processing of the Time Domain Signal 112

5.2.1.1. Offset Correction 112

5.2.1.2. Zero Filling 114

5.2.1.3. Apodization 115

5.2.2. Processing of the Frequency Domain Signal 122

5.2.2.1. Phase Correction 122

5.2.2.2. Baseline Correction 125

5.3. Interpretation of Spectra and Quantitative Analysis 125

5.3.1. Peak Identification 128

5.3.2. Peak Editing 129

5.3.3. Peak Area 130

5.3.3.1. Peak Area Calculation 130

5.3.3.2. Normalized Peak Area 131

5.3.3.3. Peak Area Ratios 134

5.3.4. Absolute Quantitation 135

5.4. Eddy Currents and MR Spectroscopy 137

5.5. Chemical Shift Imaging Postprocessing 138

6. Clinical Applications 143

6.1. General Concepts 143

6.2. Clinical MRS: Getting Started 144

6.3. Hydrogen Spectroscopy 144

6.3.1. Brain 144

6.3.2. [superscript 1]H MRS Brain Exam: Measurement Steps 145

6.3.2.1. Patient Positioning 145

6.3.2.2. Global Shim 146

6.3.2.3. Scout Images 146

6.3.2.4. Selection of the Measurement Technique and Parameters 146

6.3.2.5. Positioning of the VOI 155

6.3.2.6. Local Shim 156

6.3.2.7. Water Suppression 156

6.3.2.8. Measurement 157

6.3.2.9. Data Processing and Display of the Spectrum 157

6.3.3. [superscript 1]H MRS Brain Spectra 157

6.3.4. MRS Following Contrast Agent Administration 164

6.3.5. [superscript 1]H MRS in Other Organs 169

6.4. Phoshorus Spectroscopy 173

6.4.1. Patient Exam 175

6.4.2. [superscript 31]P MRS of the Brain 178

6.4.3. [superscript 31]P MRS in Muscle 179

6.4.4. [superscript 31]P MRS in the Heart 182

6.4.5. [superscript 31]P MRS in Other Organs 183

6.5. Clinical Applications of MRS With Other Nuclei 184

6.6. Past, Present, and Future 186

Appendix A Early Localization Techniques 203

A. Rotating Frame Zeugmatography 203

B. Depth Pulses 204

C. Topical Magnetic Resonance 204

D. Depth Resolved Surface Coil Spectroscopy 205

E. Fast Rotating Gradient Spectroscopy 206

Appendix B Molecular Structure of Selected Metabolites 209.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Alumni and Friends Memorial Book Fund.

ISBN:

047118280X

OCLC:

36807703