Chemical change in deforming materials / Brian Bayly.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bayly, M. Brian, 1929-

Series:

Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics ; no. 21.

Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics ; no. 21

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials--Compression testing.

Materials.

Deformations (Mechanics).

Chemical equilibrium.

Geochemistry.

Physical Description:

xix, 224 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

New York : Oxford University Press, 1992.

Summary:

This book explains the unique changes that occur in materials when they are subjected to unequal compressions. Bayly's perspective emphasizes two little-used equations that link deformation with chemical change, and will interest all scientists who encounter the phenomenon.

Contents:

2. Chemical potential 15

Definition of free energy 15

Definition of chemical potential 15

Properties of [mu] 16

Nonequilibrium states 19

3. Disequilibrium 1: Potential gradients and flows 22

Gradient of pressure or concentration 22

Gradients in potential 24

Appendix 3A Diffusion at an interface 27

4. Disequilibrium 2: Associated equilibrium states 30

Diffusion in a long bar 30

Associated equilibrium states 33

Indeterminacy and dependence on history 33

5. Disequilibrium 3: Internal variables 36

Internal and spatial variables combined 38

6. Nonhydrostatic stress 40

Principal directions and stresses 40

Stress relations in the principal planes 43

Tensile stresses 45

Shear stresses 45

7. Change of shape and change of volume 47

Strain and strain rate 47

Change of shape and change of volume 49

Shear strains 52

8. Conservation 54

Conservation statements 54

Self-diffusion 57

Conservation and strain 58

Appendix 8A Proof of the stress relation (8.10) 60

Appendix 8B Conservation: a numerical example 62

Appendix 8C Invariants 63

9. Chemical potential under nonhydrostatic stress 66

Associated equilibrium states 66

Sine-wave, Mohr-circle, and ellipsoid representations 69

Numerical examples 71

II Simultaneous Deformation and Diffusion

Historical review: descriptions of diffusive mass transfer accompanying deformation 77

11. Deformation and diffusion compared 82

Continuum behavior using wafers 86

Questions about validity 90

Appendix 11A Other harmonic stress fields 94

Appendix 11B Gibbsian argument for multivalued potentials 96

12. Deformation and diffusion: quantitative relations 100

Relation of L[subscript 0] to N and K 100

Change of shape and diffusive mass transfer combined 101

Appendix 12A A material's characteristic length 105

Appendix 12B Harmonically varying stress field with nonspecial wavelength 107

III Application: Movements Along One Direction

13. Two phases and one component 113

Initial conditions and assumptions 114

Solution 116

Appendix 13A Plane strain at an interface 126

14. One phase and two components 129

Initial conditions and assumptions 129

Solution 133

15. Compounds of the type (A, B)X 141

Theory 141

A nonzero constriction rate 147

Binary materials reconsidered 148

16. Two phases and two components 152

Exponential change of composition and stress 152

A nonzero constriction rate 157

Behavior affected by K[superscript *]: a stationary interface 160

Behavior affected by K[superscript a]: a moving interface 165

Appendix 16A Magnitudes of e[subscript 0] and [delta]p 170

Core 177

IV Extensions

18. Cylindrical inclusions 187

Deformation of a cylinder with no diffusion 187

Deformation of a cylinder with diffusion 191

Materials of formula (A, B)X 193

Wet granular aggregates 196

19. Review of strategies 199

Simple binary materials 199

Questions of scale 201

A material's characteristic length and microstructure 203

Invariants 205

20. Further extensions 208

Unsteady behavior 208

Poorly correlated materials and the factor f 213

Anisotropic materials 215

Appendix 20A Unsteady behavior, a numerical example 216.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 218-219) and index.

ISBN:

0195067649

OCLC:

25368935