The cable television technical handbook / Bobby Harrell.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Harrell, Bobby.

Series:

Artech House telecom library

Artech House telecom library.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cable television.

Physical Description:

xvii, 312 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm.

Place of Publication:

Dedham, MA : Artech House, [1985]

Contents:

1.1 What Is Community Antenna Television (CATV)? 1

1.2 Community Antenna Television Becomes Cable Television 2

1.3 A Combination of Wire and Wireless Communications 3

Chapter 2 The Antenna Site 5

2.1 The Antenna System 5

2.2 The Antenna Site 5

2.3 Tower 6

2.4 Antennas 6

Chapter 3 The Transportation Trunk 7

3.1 Cables 8

3.2 Active Devices 10

3.3 The Antenna System 10

Chapter 4 Distribution System Overview 13

Chapter 5 Coaxial Cable and Equalization 17

5.1 Coaxial Cable 17

5.2 Equalization 23

Chapter 6 The Distribution System 27

6.1 The Distribution Trunk 27

6.2 The Subscriber Drop 29

6.3 Coaxial Cable 29

Chapter 7 Ohm's Law 33

7.1 An Explanation of Ohm's Law 33

7.2 Ohm's Law Applied to Power 34

7.3 Ohm's Law and CATV Systems 34

7.4 dB and dBmV 35

7.5 dB Applied to CATV Systems 36

7.6 The dB as a Voltage Ratio 36

7.7 Relationship of Voltage Ratio to Power Ratio 38

7.8 The dB in Power Calculations 38

7.9 dB as Expression of Ratio Loss 39

7.10 The dB as a Gain Measurement 39

7.11 The dBmV 40

Chapter 8 System Performance 45

8.1 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio: (C/N) 45

8.2 Carrier-to-Cross Modulation Ratio: (C/X) 45

8.3 Carrier-to-Third Order Intermodulation Ratio: (C/IM) 45

8.4 Carrier-to-Second Order Intermodulation Ratio 47

8.5 System Performance Relationships 48

Chapter 9 Measurement Parameters 51

9.1 Signal Frequency 52

9.2 Signal Level 53

9.3 Noise 62

9.4 Interference 64

9.5 Interference from Outside the System 68

9.6 Interference from Within the System 68

9.7 Signal Leakage 75

Chapter 10 Test Instrumentation 79

10.1 Network and Signal Analysis 79

10.2 Signal Analyzers 79

Chapter 11 Characteristics of Coaxial Cable 87

11.1 Attenuation 88

11.2 VSWR 89

11.3 Structural Return Loss (SRL) 91

11.4 Effects of Temperature Change on Cable Characteristics 91

Chapter 12 Coaxial Cable Transmission Line Types 95

12.1 Basic Principles 95

12.2 Center Conductor 96

12.3 Strip Braids 96

12.4 Aluminum Shield 96

12.5 Drop Cable Shield 97

12.6 Thick Aluminum Tape 97

12.7 Braided Shields 97

12.8 Dielectrics 97

12.9 Moisture 100

12.10 Why 75 Ohms? 100

Chapter 13 Power the Cable TV System 103

13.1 Coupling AC Power to the Coaxial Cable 104

13.2 Diplexing 107

13.3 Amplifier Power Supplies 108

13.4 Full-Wave Power 108

13.5 Transients and Power Surges 110

13.6 Power Circuit Protection 112

13.7 AC Power Supplies 113

Chapter 14 Passive Devices 115

14.1 Taps 115

14.2 Splitters 116

Chapter 15 Concepts of Distribution Systems 117

15.1 The Trunk System 117

15.2 Hum Modulation 118

15.3 The Distribution System 119

15.4 Degradation of the Color Characteristics 119

15.5 Evaluation and Performance Testing 120

Chapter 16 Theory of the Heterodyne Converter 125

16.1 General Theory 125

16.2 Detailed Theory of Operation 125

16.3 Input Impedance 127

16.4 Sensitivity and Maximum Level 127

16.5 Noise Figure 127

16.6 AGC Sensitivity 127

16.7 Output Level Range 128

16.8 Adjacent Channel Filtering 128

16.9 Amplification of the Desired Signal 129

16.10 Automatic Level Control of Picture and Sound Carrier 129

16.11 Desired Level Ratio Between Picture and Sound Carrier 129

16.12 Channel Conversion 129

16.13 Spurious Signals 129

16.14 Down-Converter (Tuner) 129

16.15 RF Amplifier 130

16.16 IF and Local Oscillator Frequencies 130

16.17 Automatic Gain Control (AGC) 132

16.18 Sound IF Amplifier-Limiter 132

16.19 FM Signal Characteristics 132

16.20 Maximum Bandwidth Considerations 133

16.21 Amplifier-Limiter Levels 134

16.22 Up-Converter and Mixer 134

16.23 IF Conversion 134

16.24 Output Amplifier 134

Chapter 17 Demodulator and Modulator 137

17.1 Amplitude Modulation Theory: System Considerations 137

17.2 Mathematical Expressions for Amplitude Modulation 138

17.3 Amplitude Modulators 140

17.4 Amplitude Modulation Circuit Distortions 141

17.5 The Modulator 141

17.6 Modulator Theory 141

17.7 Video Modulation Section 141

17.8 Video Input 142

17.9 Peak White Clip 142

17.10 Tilt 142

17.11 Differential Gain and Differential Phase 143

17.12 RF Carrier Frequency 144

17.13 RF Output 144

17.14 Demodulator Theory of Operation 144

17.15 Input Level 144

17.16 Noise Figure 145

17.17 Selectivity 145

17.18 Input Impedance 145

17.19 AGC Range 145

17.20 Differential Gain and Phase 145

17.21 Video 145

17.22 Audio Level 146

17.23 Tuner 146

17.24 IF Amplifier Response 146

Chapter 18 Preamplifiers and Filters 149

18.1 Properties of Filters 149

18.2 Filter Response Terminology 150

18.3 Preamplifier 151

18.4 Typical Filter Specification 151

18.5 Insertion Loss 151

18.6 High Q Trap or Band Elimination 152

Chapter 19 Fundamentals of Transmission Lines 153

19.1 Balanced Lines 153

19.2 Coaxial Lines 154

19.3 Characteristic Impedance 154

19.4 Velocity of Propagation 155

19.5 Periodicity 156

19.6 Frequency Response 156

19.7 Cable Loss Versus Frequency 157

19.8 Cable Fundamentals 160

19.9 The Meaning of Coaxial 160

19.10 The Cable as a Power Carrier 160

19.11 Loop Resistance in Cable Systems 161

19.12 The Cable as a Frequency Carrier 161

19.13 The Function of the Outer Shield 161

19.14 The Cable as a Capacitor 161

19.15 Cable Losses due to Temperature Change 162

19.16 Basic Cable Rule 163

19.17 Cable as an Inductance 163

19.18 Cable Impedance 163

19.19 The Importance of Good Cable Installation Practices 163

19.20 The Effect of Moisture in a Cable 164

19.21 Standing Waves 168

19.22 Reactance 168

19.23 Resistance, Reactance, and Impedance 168

19.24 Inductive Reactance 168

19.25 Capacitive Reactance 169

19.26 Resonance 169

19.27 Network Q Factor 170

Chapter 20 Antennas 171

20.1 Antenna Fundamentals 171

20.2 Types of Receiving Antennas 171

20.3 The Dipole Antenna 171

20.4 The Reflector 172

20.5 Reflector Action 172

20.6 Radiators 172

20.7 Radiator Action 172

20.8 The Yagi 173

20.9 Stacking 173

20.10 Log-Periodic Antennas 174

20.11 Co-Channel Rejection 174

20.12 Bandwidth 174

20.13 Impedance Match 174

20.14 Gain 174

20.15 Icing 174

20.16 Mounting 175

20.17 Search Antenna 175

20.18 Beamwidth 176

20.19 Minor Lobes 177

20.20 Gain and Directivity 177

Chapter 21 Regions of Propagation 179

21.1 Field Strength 180

21.2 Scatter Propagation 181

Chapter 22 Head-end Testing and Alignment 185

22.1 The RF Spectrum of a Television Signal 185

22.2 Improved Headend Performance Using a Test Demodulator 185

22.3 Envelope Detection 186

22.4 Synchornous Detection 187

22.5 Detector Choice 188

22.6 Passband Response 189

22.7 Application 189

22.8 Noise Measurement 191

22.9 Antenna Alignment 192

22.10 Echo Quantification 196

22.11 Check the Head-end 199

22.12 Setting and Maintaining Modulation Levels 199

22.13 Measurement of Video Modulation 200

22.14 Maintenance of Video Modulation 203

22.15 Measurement of Audio Deviation 204

22.16 Maintenance of Audio Deviation 207

Chapter 23 General Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves 211

23.1 Velocity, Frequency and Wavelength 211

23.2 Polarization 212

23.3 Radiation and Reception 212

23.4 Reciprocity Theorem 214

23.5 Log Patern 214

23.6 Antenna Gain 214

23.7 Directive Gain 214

23.8 Directive Versus Power Gain 215

23.9 Gain References 215

23.10 Estimation of Directive Gain 215

23.11 Input Impedance 216

23.12 Bandwidth 216

23.13 The Yagi Antenna 217

23.14 Log-Periodic Elements 218

23.15 Corner

Reflector 218

23.16 The Parabolic Reflector 219

Chapter 24 The Television Signal 221

24.1 Horizontal Scanning Interval 221

24.2 Vertical Scanning Interval 222

24.3 Interlacing 222

24.4 Color 223

24.5 Picture Sound 224

Chapter 25 Electronics Layout 227

25.1 System Parameters 227

25.2 Length of the System 228

25.3 Temperature of the Area 228

25.4 System Operating Parameters 229

25.5 System Maps 230

25.6 Provisions for Future Service 230

25.7 Review 230

25.8 Transportation and Distribution Trunk Design 231

25.9 General Procedures 231

25.10 Cable Types and Applications 232

25.11 The CATV Building Block: Unity Gain 232

25.12 Determination of Operational Levels 233

25.13 Safety Margins for Variation in Temperature 233

25.14 Trunk Line Layout 234

25.15 Power Supplies 235

25.16 Standby Power Supplies 235

25.17 Optimum Location of Power Supplies 236

Chapter 26 Underground Construction 237

26.1 Planning 238

26.2 Plant Layout 239

26.3 Trenching, Plowing, and Boring 240

26.4 Open Trench Burial 241

26.5 Pulling Through the Conduit 241

26.6 Installation of Electronic and Passive Devices 241

26.7 Lightning 242

26.8 Public Relations 242

Chapter 27 Satellite Communications 245

27.1 Description of a Simplified Satellite Link 245

27.2 Uplink 247

27.3 Downlink 255

27.4 LNA 260

27.5 Receiver 260

27.6 Overall Link C/NO and C/N 260

27.7 Link Performance 261

27.8 Threshold 262

27.9 Satellites 263

27.10 Frequency Re-Use 265

27.11 Bandwidth, Data Rate, and Information Capacity 266

27.12 Modulation Formats and Access Techniques 268

27.13 Effect of Frequency on Satellite Communications Systems 269

Chapter 28 Earth Station Antennas 273

28.1 Types of Earth Station Antennas 273

28.2 Axisymmetric Dual-Reflector Antennas 274

28.3 Prime-Focus-Fed Paraboloidal Antenna 275

28.4 Horn Reflector Antenna 276

28.5 Offset-Fed Reflector Antennas 277

28.6 Multiple Beam Antennas 278

28.7 Spherical Reflector 278

28.8 Torus Antenna 280

Chapter 29 Data Communications 283

29.1 Parity Bits 284

29.2 Bits and Bauds 285

29.3 Transmission Modes 286

29.4 Modulation 287

29.5 Bandwidth 288

29.6 Multiplexing 289

29.7 Series and Parallel 289

29.8 Compatibility 290.

ISBN:

0890061572

OCLC:

11950683